Global retrospective review of severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS CO-2 infections in nondomestic felids : March 2020-February 2021

dc.contributor.authorBartlett, Susan L.
dc.contributor.authorKoeppel, Katja Natalie
dc.contributor.authorCushing, Andrew C.
dc.contributor.authorBellon, Hugo Fernández
dc.contributor.authorAlmagro, Vanessa
dc.contributor.authorGyimesi, Zoltan S.
dc.contributor.authorThies, Tammy
dc.contributor.authorHard, Therese
dc.contributor.authorDenitton, Daniel
dc.contributor.authorFox, Kami Z.
dc.contributor.authorVodicka, Roman
dc.contributor.authorWang, Leyi
dc.contributor.authorCalle, Paul P.
dc.date.accessioned2024-08-20T11:41:12Z
dc.date.available2024-08-20T11:41:12Z
dc.date.issued2023
dc.description.abstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections in nondomestic felids have been documented in North America, South America, Africa, Europe, and Asia. Between March 2020 and February 2021, at nine institutions across three continents, infection was confirmed in 16 tigers (Panthera tigris), 14 lions (Panthera leo), three snow leopards (Panthera uncia), one cougar (Puma concolor), and one Amur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus) ranging from 2 to 21 yr old (average, 10 yr). Infection was suspected in an additional 12 tigers, 4 lions, and 9 cougars. Clinical signs (in order of most to least common) included coughing, ocular and/or nasal discharge, wheezing, sneezing, decreased appetite, lethargy, diarrhea, and vomiting. Most felids recovered uneventfully, but one geriatric tiger with comorbidities developed severe dyspnea and neurologic signs necessitating euthanasia. Clinical signs lasted 1–19 d (average, 8 d); one tiger was asymptomatic. Infection was confirmed by various methods, including antigen tests and/or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of nasal or oral swabs, tracheal wash, and feces, or virus isolation from feces or tracheal wash. Infection status and resolution were determined by testing nasal swabs from awake animals, fecal PCR, and observation of clinical signs. Shedding of fecal viral RNA was significantly longer than duration of clinical signs. Postinfection seropositivity was confirmed by four institutions including 11 felids (5 lions, 6 tigers). In most instances, asymptomatic or presymptomatic keepers were the presumed or confirmed source of infection, although in some instances the infection source remains uncertain. Almost all infections occurred despite using cloth facemasks and disposable gloves when in proximity to the felids and during food preparation. Although transmission may have occurred during momentary lapses in personal protective equipment compliance, it seems probable that cloth masks are insufficient at preventing transmission of SARS-CoV-2 from humans to nondomestic felids. Surgical or higher grade masks may be warranted when working with nondomestic felids.en_US
dc.description.departmentCentre for Veterinary Wildlife Studiesen_US
dc.description.departmentProduction Animal Studiesen_US
dc.description.librarianam2024en_US
dc.description.sdgSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-beingen_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.aazv.org/page/A8en_US
dc.identifier.citationBartlett, S.L., Koeppel, K.N., Cushing, A.C. et al. 2023, 'Global retrospective review of severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS CO-2 infections in nondomestic felids : March 2020-February 2021', Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 54, no. 3, pp. 607-616. DOI: 10.1638/2022-0141en_US
dc.identifier.issn1042-7260
dc.identifier.other10.1638/2022-0141
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/97746
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherAmerican Association of Zoo Veterinariansen_US
dc.rights© 2023 by American Association of Zoo Veterinarians. This is an open access article.en_US
dc.subjectInfectionsen_US
dc.subjectAntigen testsen_US
dc.subjectSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)en_US
dc.subjectNondomestic felidsen_US
dc.subjectTiger (Panthera tigris)en_US
dc.subjectLion (Panthera leo)en_US
dc.subjectSnow leopard (Panthera uncia)en_US
dc.subjectAmur leopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis euptilurus)en_US
dc.subjectCougar (Puma concolor)en_US
dc.titleGlobal retrospective review of severe acute respiratory syndrome SARS CO-2 infections in nondomestic felids : March 2020-February 2021en_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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