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Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of water impacted by acid mine drainage from a coal mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa, using the Ames test and comet assay

dc.contributor.authorIji, Oluwafikemi Temitayo
dc.contributor.authorNjoya, Emmanuel Mfotie
dc.contributor.authorMadikizela, Balungile
dc.contributor.authorMyburgh, Jan G.
dc.contributor.authorMcGaw, Lyndy Joy
dc.date.accessioned2022-04-14T11:15:40Z
dc.date.available2022-04-14T11:15:40Z
dc.date.issued2021-10
dc.description.abstractSeveral potential genotoxins found in water samples arise from anthropogenic activities. Acid mine effluent resulting from coal mining poses serious environment concerns all over the world. The use of toxicity tests to evaluate the quality of streams add value by providing site-specific toxicological data. Treatment systems such as the use of natural wetlands (passive) or conventional physical and chemical pH-neutralised processes (active) are employed mainly to meet certain water quality guidelines. Nonetheless, potential genotoxins or residues remain which influence the quality of discharged effluents. The objective of this study was to evaluate the genotoxic potential of acid mine drainage (AMD) released into a natural stream following treatment by passive and active methods. This study aimed to identify the extent of AMD mutagenicity and genotoxicity to African Vero monkey kidney cell line and a fish gill cell line (RTgill-W1) using two assays, the Ames test, and the comet assay, as a rapid and effective screening tool. The Ames test performed without metabolic activation using Salmonella typhimurium TA98 and TA100 strains showed no indication of mutagenicity in the water samples tested. Differing results were however obtained for the comet assay using the African Vero monkey kidney cell line and a fish gill cell line (RTgill-W1), which revealed DNA fragmentation and variations in morphologies indicative of genotoxicity in the water samples following the two treatment processes. A significant reduction in DNA damage was observed in water samples following active treatment of the AMD, evidenced by reduced damage frequency and a lowered comet score. This bioassay confirms the urgency of integrating high-throughput screening in aquatic toxicity assessment at genetic levels, giving further evidence that in-vitro bioassays can be incorporated for use in short-term genotoxicity assays. The result suggests that the comet assay proved sensitive at detecting genotoxicity, supporting the integration of this into environmental monitoring frameworks targeted at AMD-contaminated sites.en_US
dc.description.departmentParaclinical Sciencesen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Department of Paraclinical Sciences (University of Pretoria), the National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa : Incentive Funding for Rated Researchers) and the Schlumberger Stitching Fund, Netherlands.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://watersa.neten_US
dc.identifier.citationOluwafikemi T Iji, Emmanuel Mfotie Njoya, Balungile Madikizela, Jan G Myburgh, & Lyndy J McGaw. (2021). Evaluation of the genotoxic potential of water impacted by acid mine drainage from a coal mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa, using the Ames test and Comet assay. Water SA, 47(4 October). https://doi.org/10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i4.3796.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0378-4738 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.17159/wsa/2021.v47.i4.3796
dc.identifier.urihttps://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/84895
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherThe South African Water Research Commissionen_US
dc.rights© The Author(s) Published under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International Licence (CC BY 4.0).en_US
dc.subjectCoal miningen_US
dc.subjectAcid mine drainageen_US
dc.subjectIn vitro cell cultureen_US
dc.subjectDNA damageen_US
dc.subjectGenotoxicityen_US
dc.subjectAcid mine drainage (AMD)en_US
dc.titleEvaluation of the genotoxic potential of water impacted by acid mine drainage from a coal mine in Mpumalanga, South Africa, using the Ames test and comet assayen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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