Consequences of prior use of full-dose ritonavir as single protease inhibitor as part of combination antiretroviral regimens on the future therapy choices in HIV-1-infected children

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Authors

Feucht, Ute Dagmar
Rossouw, Theresa M.
Van Dyk, Gisela
Forsyth, Brian William Cameron
Kruger, Mariana

Journal Title

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Volume Title

Publisher

Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins

Abstract

BACKGROUND : South African HIV-infected infants below age 6 months and children younger than 3 years on concomitant antimycobacterial treatment received full-dose ritonavir single protease inhibitor (RTV-sPI), together with 2 nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitors, from 2004 until 2008. Use of RTV-sPI has been described as a risk factor for PI drug resistance, but the extent of this resistance is unknown. AIM : This research assesses clinical and virological outcome of a pediatric RTV-sPI cohort at a large South African antiretroviral therapy (ART) site in a high-burden tuberculosis setting, including resistance mutations in those failing ART. METHODS: All children initiated at Kalafong hospital before December 2008, who ever received RTV-sPI–based regimens, were assessed for patient outcome, virological failure and drug resistance. HIV viral loads were done 6-monthly and HIV genotyping since 2009. RESULTS : There were 178 children who ever received RTV-sPI, with a mean age at ART initiation of 1.4 years. Of the 135 children (76%) with >6 months follow-up, 17 children (13%) never had viral suppression, whereas another 25 (18%) developed virological failure later. Nineteen of 26 children (73%) with genotypic resistance results had major PI mutations. CONCLUSIONS : Treatment failure is not a universal feature in children with prior exposure to RTV-sPI regimens, but the significant proportion (31%) with virological failure is of concern due to high prevalence of major PI- and multiclass mutations. These children currently have no treatment options in the South African public sector, highlighting the urgent need for access to alternative ART regimens to ensure improved outcomes.

Description

Poster presentation at SA HIV Clinicians Society Conference 2012, Cape Town, South Africa, November 25–28, 2012.

Keywords

HIV, Children, Virological failure, Protease inhibitor, Ritonavir, Ritonavir single protease inhibitor (RTV-sPI)

Sustainable Development Goals

Citation

Feucht, UD, Rossouw, TM, Van Dyk, G, Forsyth, B & Kruger, M 2014, 'Consequences of prior use of full-dose ritonavir as single protease inhibitor as part of combination antiretroviral regimens on the future therapy choices in HIV-1-infected children', Pediatric Infectious Disease Journal, vol. 33, no. 2, pp. e53-e59.