Piper betle L. (betel quid) shows bacteriostatic, additive, and synergistic antimicrobial action when combined with conventional antibiotics

dc.contributor.authorTaukoorah, Urmeela
dc.contributor.authorLall, Namrita
dc.contributor.authorMahomoodally, Fawzi
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-11T16:11:44Z
dc.date.issued2016-07
dc.description.abstractPiper betle L., commonly chewed as betel quid (paan), has been extensively acclaimed in a panoply of countries for both its nutritive and medicinal values. The present study was geared towards investigating the antibacterial activities of P. betle extracts and its antibiotic modulating activity. A decoction of P. betle (AQE) leaves as used traditionally, as well as ethanolic (EE), ethylacetate (EAE), acetone (ACE), and dichloromethane (DCME) extracts were evaluated using the broth microdilution assay against six bacterial ATCC strains. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), bacteriostatic and bacteriocidal activities of the extracts were evaluated. Additionally, the ability of the extracts to modulate conventional antibiotics (synergistic, additive, indifference, antagonistic) was assessed using a modified Checkerboard method and the fractional inhibitory concentration index (ƩFIC) was calculated. The phytochemical profile of each extract was determined and the Pearson’s correlation coefficient was used to establish any association between the MIC, ƩFIC, and phytochemical content. All the five extracts inhibited at least one of the six bacterial strains tested with EAE and ACE exhibiting the most potent antibacterial activity. The lowest MIC (0.2500 μg/μl) recorded was against Staphylococcus aureus. Piper betle has been further shown to exhibit only bacteriostatic effect. Results from the Checkerboard indicated additive and synergistic effects of P. betle extracts especially in the 50% EAE-50% antibiotic and 50% ACE-50% antibiotic combinations. The greatest synergy was observed against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ƩFIC 0.09) in the 70% ACE-30% Chloramphenicol combination. Synergy was also observed against S. aureus, Propionibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus epidermidis, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Phytochemical screening revealed that ACE and EAE contain the highest amount of phenols while DCME contains the highest amount of flavonoids. Statistical analysis showed that lower MICs occurred with increasing phenol content (R=−0.392, p ≤ 0.05) and increasing flavonoid content (R=−0.551, p ≤ 0.01). However, no correlation was established between ƩFIC and phytochemical content which could indicate a different mechanism of action employed by the combinations. Data amassed have provided insight into the antibacterial activity, antibiotic modulating activity, and the phytochemical profile of P. betle.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentPlant Scienceen_ZA
dc.description.embargo2017-07-31
dc.description.librarianhb2016en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/sajben_ZA
dc.identifier.citationTaukoorah, U, Lall, N & Mahomoodally, F 2016, 'Piper betle L. (betel quid) shows bacteriostatic, additive, and synergistic antimicrobial action when combined with conventional antibiotics', South African Journal of Botany, vol. 105, pp. 133-140.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0254-6299 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1727-9321 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1016/j.sajb.2016.01.006
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/52582
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherElsevieren_ZA
dc.rights© 2016 SAAB. Published by Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in South African Journal of Botany. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in South African Journal of Botany, vol. 105, pp. 133-140, 2016. doi : 10.1016/j.sajb.2016.01.006.en_ZA
dc.subjectPiper betleen_ZA
dc.subjectBacteriocidalen_ZA
dc.subjectBacteriostaticen_ZA
dc.subjectAntibioticen_ZA
dc.subjectCheckerboarden_ZA
dc.subjectPhytochemicalen_ZA
dc.titlePiper betle L. (betel quid) shows bacteriostatic, additive, and synergistic antimicrobial action when combined with conventional antibioticsen_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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