Molecular epidemiological investigation of a typhoid fever outbreak in South Africa, 2005 : the relationship to a previuos epidemic in 1993
dc.contributor.author | Keddy, Karen H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Sooka, Arvinda | |
dc.contributor.author | Ismail, H. | |
dc.contributor.author | Smith, Anthony Marius | |
dc.contributor.author | Weber, Ingrid Brigitte | |
dc.contributor.author | Letsoalo, M.E. | |
dc.contributor.author | Harris, Bernice Nerine | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2011-06-13T10:10:09Z | |
dc.date.available | 2011-06-13T10:10:09Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2010-09 | |
dc.description.abstract | In 2005, over 600 clinically diagnosed typhoid fever cases occurred in South Africa, where an outbreak had been previously described in 1993. Case-control and molecular investigations, including Salmonella enterica serovar Typhi (S. Typhi) isolates from that area from 1993, 2005 and later, were undertaken. Controls were significantly older than cases (P=0.003), possibly due to immunity from previous infection, and a significantly larger proportion had attended a gathering (P=0.035). Exposure to commercial food outlets and person-to-person transmission was not significant. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis and multi-locus tandem repeat analysis revealed common clusters of S. Typhi strains identified in 1993 and 2005 as well as in 2007 and 2009. This outbreak probably occurred in a non-immune population due to faecally contaminated water. S. Typhi strains appeared to be related to strains from 1993; failure to address unsafe water may lead to further outbreaks in the area if the current population immunity wanes or is lost. | en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship | This work was supported by a grant by the K. H. Keddy and others NHLS Research Trust. | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Keddy, KH, Sooka, A, Ismail, H, Smith, AM, Weber, I, Letsoalo, ME & Harris, BN 2010, 'Molecular epidemiological investigation of a typhoid fever outbreak in South Africa, 2005 : the relationship to a previuos epidemic in 1993', Epidemiology and Infection, pp. 1-7. [http://journals.cambridge.org/action/displayJournal?jid=HYG] | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 0950-2688 (print) | |
dc.identifier.issn | 1469-4409 (online) | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.1017/S0950268810002207 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/16811 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | Cambridge University Press | en_US |
dc.rights | © Cambridge University Press 2010. | en_US |
dc.subject | Epidemic | en_US |
dc.subject | Multiple-locus variable-number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA) | en_US |
dc.subject | Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) | en_US |
dc.subject | South Africa | en_US |
dc.subject | Typhoid fever | en_US |
dc.subject.lcsh | Typhoid fever -- South Africa | en |
dc.subject.lcsh | Microbial contamination -- South Africa | en |
dc.subject.lcsh | Water quality -- South Africa | en |
dc.title | Molecular epidemiological investigation of a typhoid fever outbreak in South Africa, 2005 : the relationship to a previuos epidemic in 1993 | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |