Fungal species and mycotoxins associated with maize ear rots collected from the Eastern Cape in South Africa

dc.contributor.authorPrice, Jenna-Lee
dc.contributor.authorVisagie, Cobus M.
dc.contributor.authorMeyer, Hannalien
dc.contributor.authorYilmaz, Neriman
dc.contributor.emailneriman.yilmaz@fabi.up.ac.zaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2024-12-02T12:55:08Z
dc.date.available2024-12-02T12:55:08Z
dc.date.issued2024-02-08
dc.descriptionDATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : Sequence data is available on GenBank. Accession numbers are provided in Supplementary Table S1.en_US
dc.descriptionSUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS : TABLE S1: Fungal species identified during this study; TABLE S2: LC-MS/MS method parameters and method performance results; TABLE S3: PCR conditions used for amplification.en_US
dc.description.abstractMaize production in South Africa is concentrated in its central provinces. The Eastern Cape contributes less than 1% of total production, but is steadily increasing its production and has been identified as a priority region for future growth. In this study, we surveyed ear rots at maize farms in the Eastern Cape, and mycotoxins were determined to be present in collected samples. Fungal isolations were made from mouldy ears and species identified using morphology and DNA sequences. Cladosporium, Diplodia, Fusarium and Gibberella ear rots were observed during field work, and of these, we collected 78 samples and isolated 83 fungal strains. Fusarium was identified from Fusarium ear rot (FER) and Gibberella ear rot (GER) and Stenocarpella from Diplodia ear rot (DER) samples, respectively. Using LC-MS/MS multi-mycotoxin analysis, it was revealed that 83% of the collected samples contained mycotoxins, and 17% contained no mycotoxins. Fifty percent of samples contained multiple mycotoxins (deoxynivalenol, 15-acetyl-deoxynivalenol, diplodiatoxin and zearalenone) and 33% contained a single mycotoxin. Fusarium verticillioides was not isolated and fumonisins not detected during this survey. This study revealed that ear rots in the Eastern Cape are caused by a wide range of species that may produce various mycotoxins.en_US
dc.description.departmentBiochemistryen_US
dc.description.departmentForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)en_US
dc.description.departmentGeneticsen_US
dc.description.departmentMicrobiology and Plant Pathologyen_US
dc.description.librarianam2024en_US
dc.description.sdgSDG-02:Zero Hungeren_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Future Leaders—African Independent Research fellowship programme.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.mdpi.com/journal/toxinsen_US
dc.identifier.citationPrice, J.-L.; Visagie, C.M.; Meyer, H.; Yilmaz, N. Fungal Species and Mycotoxins Associated with Maize Ear Rots Collected from the Eastern Cape in South Africa. Toxins 2024, 16, 95. https://DOI.org/10.3390/toxins16020095.en_US
dc.identifier.issn2072-6651 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3390/toxins16020095
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/99706
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherMDPIen_US
dc.rights© 2024 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license.en_US
dc.subjectMaizeen_US
dc.subjectFusarium spp.en_US
dc.subjectLC-MS/MSen_US
dc.subjectMulti-mycotoxinsen_US
dc.subjectEar roten_US
dc.subjectEastern Cape Province (ECP)en_US
dc.subjectFusarium ear rot (FER)en_US
dc.subjectGibberella ear rot (GER)en_US
dc.subjectStenocarpellaen_US
dc.subjectDiplodia ear rot (DER)en_US
dc.subjectSDG-02: Zero hungeren_US
dc.titleFungal species and mycotoxins associated with maize ear rots collected from the Eastern Cape in South Africaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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