Structural (gross and micro), physical and nutritional properties of Trichilia emetica and Trichilia dregeana seeds

dc.contributor.authorTsomele, Gugu Felicity
dc.contributor.authorVenter, Eudri
dc.contributor.authorWokadala, Obiro Cuthbert
dc.contributor.authorJooste, Elize
dc.contributor.authorDlamini, Bhekisisa Chushuta
dc.contributor.authorNgobese, Nomali Ziphorah
dc.date.accessioned2021-09-22T13:18:30Z
dc.date.available2021-09-22T13:18:30Z
dc.date.issued2021-01
dc.description.abstractThis study assessed the gross-structure, micro-structure, physical characteristics and nutritional composition of Trichilia emetica and Trichilia dregeana seeds. T. emetica and T. dregeana seeds have potential for commercialization and improved food security, yet they are under-utilized and under-researched. The gross- and micro-structure of the seeds was assessed using stereo microscopy, light microscopy (LM), confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Protein, fat, ash, and mineral content of the seeds were also assessed. T. emetica and T. dregeana seeds had lower bulk density (393.5 kgm−3 & 433.6 kgm−3 respectively) and lower porosity (55.07% & 54.38% respectively) than soybean. Geometric mean diameter (29.7 mm & 16.9 mm) and aspect ratio (1.72 and 1.85) of T. emetica and T. dregeana seeds respectively, were higher than soybean, while they had lower sphericity (0.66 and 0.66 respectively) than soybean (0.99). Microscopy analysis showed that Trichilia species had larger-sized and more round-shaped protein bodies than soybean seeds. T. emetica and T. dregeana protein contents (25.6% and 17.3% w/w, respectively) were lower than soybean (45.4%) while fat contents (49% and 51.5% w/w, respectively) were higher than soybean (20.2% w/w). Potassium (1075–1350 mg100g−1) and calcium (285–300 mg100g−1) where the main macro-minerals while iron (6.33–6.83 mg100g−1) and zinc (2.30–2.90 mg100g−1) were the main micro-minerals. The research demonstrated that the structural and nutritional characteristics of T. dregeana and T. emetica seeds could facilitate their commercial utilization and application for food security alleviation.en_ZA
dc.description.abstractEste estudio evaluó la estructura bruta, la microestructura, las características físicas y la composición nutricional de las semillas de Trichilia emetica y Trichilia dregeana. Si bien las semillas de T. emetica y T. dregeana poseen potencial para ser comercializadas y mejorar la seguridad alimentaria, son infrautilizadas y han sido poco investigadas. Para evaluar algunos de los aspectos mencionados —estructura bruta y microestructura— de las semillas se emplearon microscopía estereoscópica, microscopía de luz (LM), microscopía confocal de barrido láser (CLSM) y microscopía electrónica de barrido (SEM). Además, se evaluó el contenido de proteínas, grasas, cenizas y minerales de las mismas. Se constató que las semillas de T. emetica y T. dregeana tienen una densidad aparente menor (393.5 kgm−3 y 433.6 kgm−3, respectivamente) y una porosidad menor (55.07% y 54.38%, respectivamente) que las de la soya. El diámetro geométrico medio (29.7 mm y 16.9 mm) y la ratio de aspecto (1.72 y 1.85) de las semillas de T. emetica y T. dregeana, respectivamente, son mayores que los de la soya, mientras que su esfericidad es menor (0.66 y 0.66, respectivamente) que la de la soya (0.99). El análisis microscópico permitió comprobar que las especies de Trichilia poseen cuerpos proteicos de mayor tamaño que las semillas de soya y que su forma es redonda. Asimismo, se constató que los contenidos proteicos de T. emetica y T. dregeana (25.6% y 17.3% p/p, respectivamente) son inferiores a los de la soya (45.4%), mientras que los contenidos grasos (49% y 51.5% p/p, respectivamente) superan los de la soya (20.2% p/p). Los principales macrominerales detectados son potasio (1075-1350 mg100g−1) y calcio (285-300 mg100g−1), y los principales microminerales hierro (6.33-6.83 mg100g−1) y zinc (2.30-2.90 mg100g−1). La investigación dio cuenta de que las características estructurales y nutricionales de las semillas de T. dregeana y T. emetica podrían facilitar su utilización comercial y su aplicación para garantizar la seguridad alimentaria.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentGeneticsen_ZA
dc.description.librarianpm2021en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipNational Research Foundation (NRF), Agricultural Research Council (ARC) PDP Programme, National Research Foundation South Africa.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.tandfonline.com/toc/tcyt20/currenten_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGugu Felicity Tsomele, Eudri Venter, Obiro Cuthbert Wokadala, Elize Jooste, Bhekisisa Chushuta Dlamini, Nomali Ziphorah Ngobese & Muthulisi Siwela (2021) Structural (gross and micro), physical and nutritional properties of Trichilia emetica and Trichilia dregeana seeds, CyTA - Journal of Food, 19:1, 483-492, DOI: 10.1080/19476337.2021.1915877.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1947-6337 (online)
dc.identifier.issn1947-6345 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1080/19476337.2021.1915877
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/81936
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherTaylor & Francisen_ZA
dc.rights© 2021 The Author(s). Published with license by Taylor & Francis Group, LLC. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_ZA
dc.subjectOilseedsen_ZA
dc.subjectTrichilia speciesen_ZA
dc.subjectSeed microstructureen_ZA
dc.subjectIndigenous seedsen_ZA
dc.subjectSeed physical propertiesen_ZA
dc.subjectProximate compositionen_ZA
dc.subjectMicro-mineralsen_ZA
dc.subjectMacro-mineralsen_ZA
dc.subjectScanning electron microscopy (SEM)en_ZA
dc.subjectStereo microscopyen_ZA
dc.subjectLight microscopy (LM)en_ZA
dc.subjectConfocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM)en_ZA
dc.titleStructural (gross and micro), physical and nutritional properties of Trichilia emetica and Trichilia dregeana seedsen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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