Nuclear medicine imaging of gynecological malignancies: the tumor, the tumor microenvironment, and beyond

Abstract

Gynecological malignancies represent a significant burden on women's health worldwide. While cervical cancer has screening tests, the remainder of the gynecological malignancies do not have programs for early detection, and as such patients usually present late with advanced disease and limited treatment options. The advancements in nuclear medicine in the form of improved instrumentation including hybrid imaging as well as production of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic radiopharmaceuticals offer insights into the tumor itself, its microenvironment, and beyond. Considering precision medicine, this offers hope for tailored therapeutic strategies for cancer patients. This editorial explores radionuclide imaging, delving into its applications in tumor assessment (staging, response assessment, and suspected recurrence), assessing the tumor microenvironment, and extending into novel horizons for comprehensive management of gynecological cancers.