Fossil fuels to a low-carbon future : the role of law, policy and technology in the global energy transition

Abstract

This article examines Nigeria's transition from fossil fuels to a low-carbon economy through legal, policy, and technological lenses. This is primarily driven by the need to ensure the mitigation of climate change and further ensure security of energy; as energy vis oil and gas remains the backbone of most nations, as they thrive on the production thereof, Nigeria inclusive. However, there is the need to mention that Nigeria is still heavily reliant on fossil fuels and as such detrimental to the environment, as well as not being suitable for the sustainability policy in the long run. Consequent upon this, this paper examines the role of legal and policy frameworks as well as technological innovations to the transitions from fossil fuels to low carbon future, coupled with the viability of these legislations and policy in ensuring the drive for low carbon future. This research employed the doctrinal approach, coupled with an in-depth analysis of the existing frameworks for the energy sectors and the imbalance in ensuring the desired transition. Findings showed that despite varying legal and policy frameworks, there seems to be reluctance from regulatory authorities in ensuring this transition, which is further, compounded by the capital intensive nature of this transition, hence the lackluster. The implications for this remains an unsustainable environment, which is detrimental to mankind, hence the need for undertaking this study. This paper recommends establishing binding timelines to phase out fossil fuels while scaling up renewables, supported by decentralized systems like mini-grids. It also calls for increased public and private investments in green technology, energy storage, and grid modernization. Finally, it emphasizes the need for cross-border collaboration and public-private partnerships to share knowledge, financing models, and regulatory frameworks for an efficient transition.