Anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular medetomidine-ketamine combination alone or with morphine or tramadol for orchiectomy in cats

dc.contributor.authorZeiler, Gareth Edward
dc.contributor.authorDzikiti, Brighton T.
dc.contributor.authorFosgate, Geoffrey Theodore
dc.contributor.authorStegmann, George F.
dc.contributor.authorVenter, Frans Jakob
dc.contributor.authorRioja-Garcia, Eva
dc.contributor.emailgareth.zeiler@up.ac.zaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-09-25T12:09:01Z
dc.date.issued2014-07
dc.description.abstractOBJECTIVES To compare the anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular (IM) medetomidine and ketamine administered alone or combined with morphine or tramadol, for orchiectomy in cats. STUDY DESIGN Randomised, blinded, prospective clinical study. ANIMALS Thirty client-owned cats.MATERIALS AND METHODS Cats (n= 10 in each group) received a combination of medetomidine (60 μg kg-1) and ketamine (10 mg kg-1) alone (MedK); combined with morphine (0.2 mg kg-1) (MedKM), or combined with tramadol (2 mg kg-1) (MedKT) IM. Time of induction, surgical and recovery events were recorded, and physiological parameters measured and recorded. Analgesia was evaluated with a visual analogue scale, a composite scoring system and the von Frey mechanical threshold device every hour from three to eight hours post-drug administration. injection. Data were analyzed with a linear mixed model, Kruskal Wallis or Chi-square tests (p<0.05). RESULTS Median (range) induction and recovery times (minutes) were not significantly (P=0.125) different among the three combinations: 5.6 (2.7- 8.0), 7.4 (5.1-9.6) and 8.0 (5.8-14.9) for induction and 128.5 (95.1-142.8), 166.4 (123.1-210.0) and 142.9 (123.4-180.2) for recovery, with MedK, MedKT and MedKM, respectively. Two cats in group MedKM required alfaxalone for intubation. In all groups, 3 or 4 cats required additional isoflurane for surgery, arterial oxygen tension (mean ± SD: 66 ± 2 mmHg) was low, and, surgery increased systolic arterial blood pressure (p<0.001), haemoglobin saturation (p<0.001), respiratory (p=0.003) and heart rates (p=0.002), and decreased end-tidal carbon dioxide (p=0.003). Pain scores did not differ significantly between groups. Von Frey responses decreased over time, changes over time varied by treatment (p<0.001), the MedK group returning to baseline values more rapidly than MedKM and MedKT. None of the cats required rescue analgesics.CONCLUSION AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE All three protocols provide adequate anaesthesia and analgesia for orchiectomy in cats. However, rescue intervention to maintain surgical anaesthesia such as isoflurane may be required in some cats. Oxygen supplementation is advised. Keywords feline, medetomidine, ketamine, morphine, tramadol, anaesthesia, orchiectomyen_US
dc.description.embargo2015-07-31
dc.description.librarianhb2014en_US
dc.description.urihttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2995en_US
dc.identifier.citationZeiler, GE, Dzikiti, BT, Fosgate, GT, Stegmann, FG, Venter, FJ & Rioja, E 2014, 'Anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular medetomidine-ketamine combination alone or with morphine or tramadol for orchiectomy in cats', Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, vol. 41, no. 4, pp. 411-420.en_US
dc.identifier.issn1467-2987 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1467-2995 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1111/vaa.12136
dc.identifier.other6603440077
dc.identifier.other27967665100
dc.identifier.otherN-8696-2014
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/42101
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherWileyen_US
dc.rights© 2014 Association of Veterinary Anaesthetists and the American College of Veterinary Anesthesia and Analgesia. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article : Anaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular medetomidine-ketamine combination alone or with morphine or tramadol for orchiectomy in cats, Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia, vol. 41, no.4, pp. 411-420, 2014, doi : 10.1111/vaa.12136 The definite version is available at : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1467-2995.en_US
dc.subjectFelineen_US
dc.subjectMedetomidineen_US
dc.subjectKetamineen_US
dc.subjectMorphineen_US
dc.subjectTramadolen_US
dc.subjectAnaesthesiaen_US
dc.subjectOrchiectomyen_US
dc.titleAnaesthetic, analgesic and cardiorespiratory effects of intramuscular medetomidine-ketamine combination alone or with morphine or tramadol for orchiectomy in catsen_US
dc.typePostprint Articleen_US

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