Simplicity sacrificed in the FIGO 2023 endometrial cancer staging : demystifying the complexity of twelve stages and seventeen substages

Abstract

Endometrial cancer incidence is rapidly rising globally, and in recent years, research has gained significant momentum. Surgical techniques, histopathology classification, risk stratification and understanding of different adjuvant modalities have progressed a great deal since the last endometrial cancer FIGO (The International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics) staging revision in 2009. Simultaneous rapid advances in the development of targeted therapies, accompanied by improved molecular and genetic diagnostics have contributed to a significant change in our understanding of the disease.