Relational Well-Being experiences of previously homeless individuals in South Africa

Abstract

Homelessness is a complex global phenomenon. As homeless populations continue to grow, nations face increasing pressure to address their associated challenges, including the costs linked to healthcare, social services and the justice system. Governments are making an effort to provide housing solutions, like shelters, to assist homeless people in transitioning out of homelessness and reintegrating into society. In addition to shelter, homelessness intersects with various social challenges that require intervention. Consequently, research on the importance of relationships and social support in promoting the wellbeing of homeless individuals has gained international recognition. However, little is known about the relational experiences of homeless individuals and relationships that contribute to their wellbeing, especially as they transition out of homelessness, which may, in turn, guide interventions and policies. This qualitative research study using thematic analysis was conducted to analyse data collected from 12 semi-structured interviews with previously street homeless individuals in the City of Tshwane. The findings reveal that relational wellbeing is a process that emerges from the interactions between various personal, interpersonal, and societal processes in a conducive environment. Relationships with fellow homeless individuals, members of the public, families, staff at the institutional shelter, and spiritual connections were described as interpersonal, and self-growth was viewed as a personal process. The need to provide material support to families and meet society’s expectations function as societal drivers. Institutional shelters as an environmental driver play a key role in facilitating relational interactions that contribute to wellbeing. Interventions that encourage the emergence of relational needs and interactions that contribute to the wellbeing of previously street homeless individuals are encouraged. It is further recommended that more institutional shelters should be provided, as they offer spaces for growth, hope, and encouragement to previously street homeless individuals transitioning out of homelessness.