High mobility group box 1 in human cancer

dc.contributor.authorRapoport, Bernardo Leon
dc.contributor.authorSteel, Helen Carolyn
dc.contributor.authorTheron, Annette J.
dc.contributor.authorHeyman, Liezl
dc.contributor.authorSmit, Teresa
dc.contributor.authorRamdas, Yastira
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Ronald
dc.contributor.emailbernardo.rapoport@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2020-11-13T05:35:17Z
dc.date.available2020-11-13T05:35:17Z
dc.date.issued2020-07
dc.description.abstractHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an extremely versatile protein that is located predominantly in the nucleus of quiescent eukaryotic cells, where it is critically involved in maintaining genomic structure and function. During cellular stress, however, this multifaceted, cytokine-like protein undergoes posttranslational modifications that promote its translocation to the cytosol, from where it is released extracellularly, either actively or passively, according to cell type and stressor. In the extracellular milieu, HMGB1 triggers innate inflammatory responses that may be beneficial or harmful, depending on the magnitude and duration of release of this pro-inflammatory protein at sites of tissue injury. Heightened awareness of the potentially harmful activities of HMGB1, together with a considerable body of innovative, recent research, have revealed that excessive production of HMGB1, resulting from misdirected, chronic inflammatory responses, appears to contribute to all the stages of tumorigenesis. In the setting of established cancers, the production of HMGB1 by tumor cells per se may also exacerbate inflammation-related immunosuppression. These pro-inflammatory mechanisms of HMGB1-orchestrated tumorigenesis, as well as the prognostic potential of detection of elevated expression of this protein in the tumor microenvironment, represent the major thrusts of this review.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentImmunologyen_ZA
dc.description.librarianpm2020en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.mdpi.com/journal/cellsen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationRapoport, B.L., Steel, H.C., Theron, A.J. et al. 2020, 'High mobility group box 1 in human cancer', Cells, vol. 9, no. 7, art. 1664, pp. 1-30.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn2073-4409 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3390/cells9071664
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/76980
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherMDPIen_ZA
dc.rights© 2020 by the authors. Licensee: MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution(CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).en_ZA
dc.subjectCytokinesen_ZA
dc.subjectImmunosuppressionen_ZA
dc.subjectMyeloid-derived suppressor cellsen_ZA
dc.subjectPrognostic factoren_ZA
dc.subjectReceptor for advanced glycation end-productsen_ZA
dc.subjectRedox isoformsen_ZA
dc.subjectToll-like receptorsen_ZA
dc.subjectTumor microenvironmenten_ZA
dc.subjectT regulatory cellsen_ZA
dc.subjectTumorigenesisen_ZA
dc.subjectHigh mobility group box 1 (HMGB1)en_ZA
dc.titleHigh mobility group box 1 in human canceren_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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