Crime perceptions of crime and the built environment : a case study of Kilner Park and Queenswood (Pretoria)

Abstract

This study examines the relationship between crime and fear of crime, the built environment and its relationship to a sense of place in terms of the current planning and design initiatives to assist in the prevention of crime within the built environment. A non-gated community located in the east of Pretoria, Kilner Park and Queenswood is utilised as a study area. From national and international authors, it was found that crime and fear of crime have an influence, firstly on the built environment, and secondly on a sense of community. The following schools of thought, relevant to this particular study, were identified as planning initiatives focused on crime prevention within the built environment: ? The Broken Windows Theory ? The Defensible Space Theory Situational Crime Prevention Theory ? Crime Prevention through Environment Design (CPTED) Theory. The research design of this study is based on a case study approach, addressing social and spatial elements. A mix-used research approach was followed, consisting of qualitative and quantitative analysis components. The qualitative analysis consists of interviews conducted with local law enforcement and related parties. Additionally, focus groups were conducted with community members. The quantitative data consists of statistical data obtained from the Villieria Police Precinct. It is evident from the study that the main crime generators are the physical structuring elements - freeways, railway line, open space systems and main movement network - as these elements serve as escape routes. It is noted that a sense of community and community participation play a significant role in crime prevention. Crime and fear of crime has not influenced the communities? sense of place, although community members are more vigilant and selective in the utilisation of the built environment. The physical changes within the built environment have to some degree restricted communication, although not negatively influencing the overall sense of place experienced by community members. Planning and design should take cognisance of these findings, and in conjunction with law enforcement, structure future planning accordingly. Planning theory should take into account that physical crime prevention mechanism is not the answer to crime prevention alone. It is a tool to deter criminal activity, even displace crime, but not to prevent crime. In most instances, physical crime prevention mechanisms hinder crime prevention initiatives. Stronger emphasis should be placed on community integration and participation in crime prevention, as social control of neighbourhoods (ownership) creates symbolic barriers which deter criminal activity.