Flavanone-3-hydroxylase plays an important role in the biosynthesis of spruce phenolic defenses against bark beetles and their fungal associates

dc.contributor.authorHammerbacher, Almuth
dc.contributor.authorKandasamy, Dineshkumar
dc.contributor.authorUllah, Chhana
dc.contributor.authorSchmidt, Axel
dc.contributor.authorWright, Louwrance P.
dc.contributor.authorGershenzon, Jonathan
dc.contributor.emailalmuth.hammerbacher@fabi.up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2019-09-04T10:13:55Z
dc.date.available2019-09-04T10:13:55Z
dc.date.issued2019-02-25
dc.description.abstractConifer forests worldwide are becoming increasingly vulnerable to attacks by bark beetles and their fungal associates due to the effects of global warming. Attack by the bark beetle Ips typographus and the blue-stain fungus it vectors (Endoconidiophora polonica) on Norway spruce (Picea abies) is well known to induce increased production of terpene oleoresin and polyphenolic compounds. However, it is not clear whether specific compounds are important in resisting attack. In this study, we observed a significant increase in dihydroflavonol and flavan-3-ol content after inoculating Norway spruce with the bark beetle vectored fungus. A bioassay revealed that the dihydroflavonol taxifolin and the flavan-3-ol catechin negatively affected both I. typographus and E. polonica. The biosynthesis of flavan-3-ols is well studied in Norway spruce, but little is known about dihydroflavonol formation in this species. A flavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H) was identified that catalyzed the conversion of eriodictyol to taxifolin and was highly expressed after E. polonica infection. Down-regulating F3H gene expression by RNA interference in transgenic Norway spruce resulted in significantly lower levels of both dihydroflavonols and flavan-3-ols. Therefore F3H plays a key role in the biosynthesis of defense compounds in Norway spruce that act against the bark beetle-fungus complex. This enzyme forms a defensive product, taxifolin, which is also a metabolic precursor of another defensive product, catechin, which in turn synergizes the toxicity of taxifolin to the bark beetle associated fungus.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentForestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI)en_ZA
dc.description.departmentZoology and Entomologyen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2019en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThe Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology and the University of Pretoria RDP program.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.frontiersin.org/Plant_Scienceen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationHammerbacher A, Kandasamy D, Ullah C, Schmidt A, Wright LP and Gershenzon J (2019) Flavanone-3-Hydroxylase Plays an Important Role in the Biosynthesis of Spruce Phenolic Defenses Against Bark Beetles and Their Fungal Associates. Frontiers in Plant Science 10:208. DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.00208.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1664-462X (online)
dc.identifier.other10.3389/fpls.2019.00208
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/71268
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherFrontiers Mediaen_ZA
dc.rights© 2019 Hammerbacher, Kandasamy, Ullah, Schmidt, Wright and Gershenzon. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY).en_ZA
dc.subjectTaxifolinen_ZA
dc.subjectCatechinen_ZA
dc.subjectFlavonoidsen_ZA
dc.subjectPicea abiesen_ZA
dc.subjectEndoconidiophora polonicaen_ZA
dc.subjectFlavanone-3-hydroxylase (F3H)en_ZA
dc.subjectBark beetle (Ips typographus)en_ZA
dc.titleFlavanone-3-hydroxylase plays an important role in the biosynthesis of spruce phenolic defenses against bark beetles and their fungal associatesen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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