A socio-legal analysis of the human rights implications of conversion practices in Ghana

Abstract

This mini-dissertation explores the human rights implications of conversion practices (CPs) in Ghana through a socio-legal lens. It examines how religious, cultural, and legal systems intersect to enable practices that seek to alter, suppress, or “cure” the sexual orientation or gender identity of LGBTQI+ persons. Employing a qualitative socio-legal analysis, the study draws on legal instruments, policy documents, and survivor testimonies to interrogate the compatibility of CPs with Ghana’s constitutional and international human rights obligations. It situates CPs within broader systems of patriarchy, heteronormativity, and colonial legacies, arguing that these practices constitute a continuum of violence grounded in misinterpretations of faith and morality. The analysis reveals that CPs violate the rights to dignity, equality, health, and freedom from torture and inhuman treatment under Ghana’s Constitution and international human rights law. It further finds that state inaction and legislative ambiguity perpetuate impunity and social acceptance of CPs. Drawing on comparative experiences and intersectional theory, the study proposes legislative, policy, and community-based reforms that centre survivor experiences, affirm bodily autonomy, and promote inclusive social norms. The dissertation concludes that addressing CPs requires a holistic, survivor-informed framework rooted in human rights, public health, and social justice, and calls for a national ban on conversion practices alongside psychosocial support mechanisms for survivors.