The occurrence of anti-retroviral compounds used for HIV treatment in South African surface water

dc.contributor.authorWood, Timothy Paul
dc.contributor.authorDuvenage, Cornelia S.J.
dc.contributor.authorRohwer, Egmont Richard
dc.contributor.emailegmont.rohwer@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-08-11T12:12:16Z
dc.date.available2016-08-11T12:12:16Z
dc.date.issued2015-04
dc.description.abstractThe study and quantification of personal care products, such as pharmaceuticals, in surface water has become popular in recent years; yet very little description of these compounds’ presence in South African surface water exists in the literature. Antiretrovirals (ARVs), used to treat human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) are rarely considered within this field. A new method for the simultaneous quantification of 12 antiretroviral compounds in surface water using the standard addition method is described. Water samples were concentrated by a generic automated solid phase extraction method and analysed by ultrahigh pressure liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). Substantial matrix effect was encountered in the samples with an average method detection limit of 90.4 ng/L. This is the first reported countrywide survey of South African surface water for the quantification of these compounds with average concentrations ranging between 26.5 and 430 ng/L.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentChemistryen_ZA
dc.description.librarianhb2016en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipSouth African Military Health Services.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.elsevier.com/locate/envpolen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationWood, TP, Duvenage, CSJ & Rohwer, ER 2015, 'The occurrence of anti-retroviral compounds used for HIV treatment in South African surface water', Environmental Pollution, vol. 199, pp. 235-243.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0269-7491
dc.identifier.other10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.030
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/56277
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherElsevieren_ZA
dc.rights© 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Notice : this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Environmental Pollution. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Environmental Pollution, vol. 199, pp. 235-243, 2015. doi : 10.1016/j.envpol.2015.01.030.en_ZA
dc.subjectSurface wateren_ZA
dc.subjectLC-MSen_ZA
dc.subjectSolid phase extractionen_ZA
dc.subjectPersonal care productsen_ZA
dc.subjectHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)en_ZA
dc.subjectAntiretrovirals (ARVs)en_ZA
dc.subjectUltrahigh pressure liquid chromatography (UHPLC)en_ZA
dc.subjectMass spectrometry (MS)en_ZA
dc.titleThe occurrence of anti-retroviral compounds used for HIV treatment in South African surface wateren_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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