First ancient mitochondrial human genome from a prepastoralist Southern African
dc.contributor.author | Morris, Alan G. | |
dc.contributor.author | Heinze, Anja | |
dc.contributor.author | Chan, Eva K.F. | |
dc.contributor.author | Smith, Andrew B. | |
dc.contributor.author | Hayes, Vanessa M. | |
dc.date.accessioned | 2015-11-09T07:38:03Z | |
dc.date.available | 2015-11-09T07:38:03Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2014-09 | |
dc.description.abstract | The oldest contemporary human mitochondrial lineages arose in Africa. The earliest divergent extant maternal offshoot, namely haplogroup L0d, is represented by click-‐speaking forager peoples of Southern Africa. Broadly defined as Khoesan, contemporary Khoesan are today largely restricted to the semi-‐ desert regions of Namibia and Botswana, while archeological, historical and genetic evidence promotes a once broader southerly dispersal of click-‐speaking peoples including southward migrating pastoralists and indigenous marine-‐foragers. Today extinct, no genetic data has been recovered from the indigenous peoples that once sustained life along the southern coastal waters of Africa pre-‐pastoral arrival. In this study we generate a complete mitochondrial genome from a 2,330 year old male skeleton, confirmed via osteological and archeological analysis as practicing a marine-‐based forager existence. The ancient mtDNA represents a new L0d2c lineage (L0d2c1c) that is today, unlike its Khoe-‐language based sister-‐ clades (L0d2c1a and L0d2c1b) most closely related to contemporary indigenous San-‐speakers (specifically Ju). Providing the first genomic evidence that pre-‐pastoral Southern African marine foragers carried the earliest diverged maternal modern human lineages, this study emphasizes the significance of Southern African archeological remains in defining early modern human origins. | en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian | hb2015 | en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship | J. Craig Venter Family Foundation, La Jolla, CA, U.S.A. and the Max Planck Society (within the laboratory of Svante Pääbo). | en_ZA |
dc.description.uri | http://gbe.oxfordjournals.org | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation | Morris, AG, Heinze, A, Chan, EKF, Smith, AB & Hayes, VM 2014, 'First ancient mitochondrial human genome from a prepastoralist Southern African', Genome Biology and Evolution (Open Access), vol. 6, no. 10, pp. 2647-2653. | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn | 1759-6653 (online) | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.1093/gbe/evu202 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/50382 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_ZA |
dc.publisher | Oxford University Press (open Access) | en_ZA |
dc.rights | © The Author(s) 2014. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution.This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Mitochondrial genome | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Khoesan | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Southern Africa | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Marine foragers | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Archeological skeletons | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Ancient DNA | en_ZA |
dc.title | First ancient mitochondrial human genome from a prepastoralist Southern African | en_ZA |
dc.type | Article | en_ZA |