Urine sampling and analysis

dc.contributor.otherUniversity of Pretoria. Faculty of Veterinary Science. Dept. of Companion Animal Clinical Studies
dc.contributor.upauthorVan Schoor, Mirinda
dc.date.accessioned2010-11-05T06:23:23Z
dc.date.available2010-11-05T06:23:23Z
dc.date.created2007
dc.date.issued2010-11-05T06:23:23Z
dc.descriptionMetadata assigned by Dr. M. van Schoor, Senior Lecturer, Dept. of Companion Animal Clinical Studiesen
dc.description.abstractPHOTOS 1-3: Urine samples are important diagnostic tools. Urine can be collected by free catch collection, manual compression of the urinary bladder, cystocentesis or catheterization. Cytological examination of urine can be used to diagnose several pathological conditions. The Sternheimer – Malbin stain is compounded of gentian violet and safranin and is used for the examination of urinary deposits. It is useful in the diagnosis of urinary tract infections and for the differentiation between pyelonephritis and cystitis. The Sternheimer – Malbin stain divides urinary leucocytes into two types of which the nuclei stain either dark reddish purple or pale blue. Cells with blue staining nuclei are characteristic of pyelonephritis. PHOTOS 4-5: Once urine has been collected it should be examined within 30 minutes. Delay of examination may allow the growth of contaminating bacteria and a change of urine pH. Delay in examination will also allow time for fragmentation and disruption of cells and loss of casts. If a delay is unavoidable the urine sample should be refrigerated. The urine sample is centrifuged and the pellet resuspended. A few drops of stain can be added. Staining of urine with Methylene blue or the Sternheimer – Malbin stain facilitates differential staining of cells and nuclei. A drop of the resulting fluid is placed on a clean glass slide and a coverslip is placed over it. Bright field microscopic evaluation of urine sediment is done with reduced illumination. The chemical dipstick analysis is performed on urine at room temperature before centrifugation. The colour reactions on the dipstick should be read within the specified time interval as these reactions are a function of time. PHOTO 6: The chemical dipstick analysis is performed on urine at room temperature before centrifugation. The colour reactions on the dipstick should be read within the specified time interval as these reactions are a function of time. The chemical reagent dipstick colour reactions are influenced by urine concentration and are subject to limitations. The pH is read immediately after dipping. The pH of urine is usually acidic. The dipstick measures protein, glucose, ketones, blood, bilirubin and urobilinogen in urine.en
dc.description.abstractREFERENCES: PHOTOS 1-6: 1. Bovee, KC (ed) 1984, ‘Canine nephrology’, Harwal, Pennsylvania, pp. 240-241. 2. Harris, DM 1968, ‘The incidence and nature of pyuria in experimental murine pyelonephritis : a re-appraisal of the Sternheimer-Malbin stain’, The Journal of Pathology and Bacteriology, vol. 96, no.1, pp. 77-87. [http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com]. 3. Holt, PE 1994, ‘Color atlas and text of small animal urology’, Mosby- Wolfe, London, pp.34-43.en
dc.format.extent6 colour photosen
dc.format.mediumJPEGen
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/15198
dc.relation.ispartofseriesVeterinary critical care slide collection (Dr M. van Schoor)en
dc.rights© Dr Mirinda van Schoor, University of Pretoria. Dept. of Companion Animal Clinical Studies (Original and digital). Provided for educational purposes only. It may not be downloaded, reproduced or distributed in any format without written permission of the original copyright holder. Any attempt to circumvent the access controls placed on this file is a violation of copyright laws and is subject to criminal prosecution. Please contact the collection administrator for copyright issues.en
dc.subjectVeterinary intensive careen
dc.subjectCatheterizationen
dc.subjectCystocentesisen
dc.subjectDipsticksen
dc.subjectFree catch collectionen
dc.subjectPyelonephritisen
dc.subjectSternheimer malbinen
dc.subjectUrinary cathetersen
dc.subjectUrineen
dc.subjectUrine analysis equipmenten
dc.subjectUrine samplesen
dc.subject.lcshVeterinary critical careen
dc.subject.lcshVeterinary medicine -- South Africaen
dc.subject.lcshVeterinary emergenciesen
dc.titleUrine sampling and analysisen
dc.typeStill Imageen

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