Emerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopenia

dc.contributor.authorLipshitz, Melanie
dc.contributor.authorVisser, J.
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Ronald
dc.contributor.authorNel, D.G.
dc.contributor.authorSmit, T.G. (Theunis)
dc.contributor.authorSteel, Helen Carolyn
dc.contributor.authorRapoport, Bernardo Leon
dc.date.accessioned2024-03-15T07:55:03Z
dc.date.available2024-03-15T07:55:03Z
dc.date.issued2023-12
dc.descriptionDATA AVAILABILITY : The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.en_US
dc.description.abstractPURPOSE : Emerging biomarkers of cancer cachexia and their roles in sarcopenia and prognosis are poorly understood. Baseline assessments of anthropometrics, sarcopenia, cachexia status and biomarkers of cachexia were measured in patients with advanced cancer and healthy controls. Thereafter, relationships of the biomarkers with cachexia and sarcopenia were explored. METHODS : A prospective case–control design was used, including 40 patients with advanced cancer and 40 gender, age-matched controls. Bioelectrical impedance [skeletal muscle index (SMI)] and hand dynamometry [hand grip strength (HGS)] assessed sarcopenia and a validated tool classified cancer cachexia. Albumin, lymphocyte and platelet counts, haemoglobin, C-reactive protein (CRP), pro-inflammatory cytokines/chemokines and citrullinated histone H3 (H3Cit) were measured. RESULTS : Patients had significantly lower SMI (6.67 kg/m2 versus 7.67 kg/m2, p =  < 0.01) and HGS (24.42 kg versus 29.62 kg) compared to controls, with 43% being sarcopenic. Significant differences were found for albumin, lymphocyte and platelet counts, haemoglobin, CRP, and tumour necrosis factor α (TNFα), (p < 0.01). Interleukin (IL)-6 (p < 0.04), IL-8 (p = 0.02), neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR), p = 0.02, platelet/lymphocyte (PLR) ratio, p < 0.01 and systemic immune inflammatory index (SII), p < 0.01 differed significantly. No difference was observed for CXC motif chemokine ligand 5 [CXCL5 or epithelial neutrophil-activating peptide 78 (ENA78)] or H3Cit. Albumin and haemoglobin correlated negatively with total protein, skeletal muscle mass and SMI (all p < 0.01). The presence of sarcopenia associated significantly with albumin, haemoglobin and CRP. CONCLUSION : Significant relationships and differences of haemoglobin, CRP and albumin supports future use of these biomarkers in cancer cachexia. CXCL5 and H3Cit as valuable biomarkers in cancer cachexia remains to be defined.en_US
dc.description.departmentImmunologyen_US
dc.description.librarianhj2024en_US
dc.description.sdgSDG-03:Good heatlh and well-beingen_US
dc.description.sponsorshipOpen access funding provided by Stellenbosch University. Harry Crossly Foundation: Sponsorship Award for Students.en_US
dc.description.urihttps://www.springer.com/journal/432en_US
dc.identifier.citationLipshitz, M., Visser, J., Anderson, R. et al. Emerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopenia. Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 149, 17511–17527 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-023-05465-9.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0171-5216 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1432-1335 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1007/s00432-023-05465-9
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/95228
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSpringeren_US
dc.rights© The Author(s) 2023. Open Access. This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.en_US
dc.subjectCancer cachexiaen_US
dc.subjectSarcopeniaen_US
dc.subjectBiomarkersen_US
dc.subjectCachexiaen_US
dc.subjectHand grip strength (HGS)en_US
dc.subjectSkeletal muscle index (SMI)en_US
dc.titleEmerging markers of cancer cachexia and their relationship to sarcopeniaen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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