Different levels of macadamia oil cake meal, and wood ash vs. feed lime as dietary sources of calcium on bone characteristics of slow-growing chickens

dc.contributor.authorVan Ryssen, J.B.J.
dc.contributor.authorPhosa, Mashilo Alpheus
dc.contributor.authorJansen van Rensburg, Christine
dc.contributor.emailjvryssen@up.ac.zaen_US
dc.date.accessioned2014-07-28T07:26:45Z
dc.date.available2014-07-28T07:26:45Z
dc.date.issued2014-03-14
dc.description.abstractA study was conducted to evaluate the potential of macadamia oil cake meal (MOCM) and wood ash as feed ingredients for poultry under subsistence farming conditions. In this article, the effect of these ingredients on bone characteristics is reported. Two hundred and eighty eight day-old New Hampshire chickens were used in the study. The research was conducted as a 3 x 2 factorial design, and 48 chicks were randomly allocated per treatment. Three basic diets were formulated: one without MOCM and the other two containing 10% and 50% MOCM. The MOCM contained 132 g/kg of crude protein, 228 g/kg crude fat and 365 g/kg crude fibre on an ‘as-fed’ basis. Each of these three treatments was split into two: one receiving feed lime (CaCO3) as the main source of calcium; and the other wood ash, which contained 257 g Ca/kg. All diets contained a Ca level of ca. 10 g/kg. The chickens received the experimental diets from 2 to 15 weeks of age. After week 15, eight chickens per treatment were killed and their right legs removed at the femorotibial articulation and frozen for later evaluation. Between Ca sources there were no significant differences in tibia weight, diameter, volume, density and breaking strength. The ash content and Ca, P and Mg concentrations in bone ash between Ca sources were similar. However, in the two Ca diets containing 50% MOCM the Ca and P concentrations of the tibiae were significantly lower than in the diets containing lower levels of MOCM. It was concluded that wood ash was as effective as feed lime in supplying Ca to chickens. However, some practical problems in the feeding of wood ash became apparent, such as that wood ash is a fine powder and does not mix well with other ingredients, except when the oil content of the diet is high, as with the treatments containing MOCM.en_US
dc.description.librarianam2014en_US
dc.description.sponsorshipThe National Research Foundation (NRF) of South Africaen_US
dc.description.urihttp://www.sasas.co.za/en_US
dc.identifier.citationVan Ryssen, JBJ, Phosa, MA & Jansen van Rensburg, C 2014, 'Different levels of macadamia oil cake meal, and wood ash vs. feed lime as dietary sources of calcium on bone characteristics of slow-growing chickens', South African Journal of Animal Science, vol. 44, no. 1, pp. 71-79.en_US
dc.identifier.issn0375-1589 (print)
dc.identifier.issn2221-4062 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.4314/sajas.v44i1.10
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/40944
dc.language.isoenen_US
dc.publisherSouth African Society for Animal Scienceen_US
dc.rightsCopyright resides with the authors in terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 2.5 South African Licence.en_US
dc.subjectBone ashen_US
dc.subjectBone strengthen_US
dc.subjectFeed limeen_US
dc.subjectSubsistence farmingen_US
dc.subjectTibiaen_US
dc.subjectMacadamia oil cake meal (MOCM)en_US
dc.subjectWood ashen_US
dc.titleDifferent levels of macadamia oil cake meal, and wood ash vs. feed lime as dietary sources of calcium on bone characteristics of slow-growing chickensen_US
dc.typeArticleen_US

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