Prenatal exposure to cadmium, placental permeability and birth outcomes in coastal populations of South Africa

dc.contributor.authorRollin, Halina B.
dc.contributor.authorKootbodien, Tahira
dc.contributor.authorChanna, Kalavati
dc.contributor.authorOdland, Jon Oyvind
dc.contributor.emailhalina.rollin@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-03-10T07:53:19Z
dc.date.available2016-03-10T07:53:19Z
dc.date.issued2015-11-06
dc.description.abstractBACKGROUND The impact of prenatal exposure to cadmium (Cd) on birth outcomes is an area of concern. This study aimed to assess an impact of prenatal Cd exposure on birth outcomes in distinct coastal populations of South Africa. METHODS Cadmium was measured in maternal blood (CdB) (n = 641), cord blood and in maternal urine (n = 317). This investigation assessed the associations between CdB (non-transformed) and birth outcomes across the 25th, 50th, and 75th percentile for birth weight, birth length and head circumference, to test for a linear trend. Associations between natural log-transformed maternal CdB, size at birth and other factors were further evaluated using linear mixed-effects modelling with random intercepts. RESULTS The average gestational age in the total sample was 38 weeks; 47% of neonates were female, average birth weight was 3065 g and 11% were of low birth weight (< 2500 g). The geometric mean (GM) of the maternal CdB level was 0.25 μg/L (n = 641; 95% CI, 0.23– 0.27). The cord blood Cd level was 0.27 μg/L (n = 317; 95% CI, 0.26–0.29) and urine (creatinine- corrected) Cd level was 0.27 μg/L (n = 318; 95% CI, 0.24–0.29). The CdB cord:maternal ratio in the sub-cohort was 1, suggesting that the placenta offers no protective mechanism to the foetus. An inverse association was found between CdB and the lower birth weight percentile in female neonates only (β = - 0.13, p = 0.047). Mothers who reported eating vine vegetables daily had lower levels of CdB (β = - 0.55, p = 0.025). Maternal smoking was associated with an elevation in natural log-transformed CdB levels in both male and female cohorts. DISCUSSION Significant inverse associations between prenatal Cd exposure and birth anthropometry were found in female neonates but not in male neonates, suggesting potential sex differences in the toxico-kinetics and toxico-dynamics of Cd.en_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2015en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThis research was funded in part by the National Research Foundation (NRF), South Africa (Grant 64528) and the Arctic Monitoring and Assessment Programme (AMAP), Norway.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.plosone.orgen_ZA
dc.identifier.citationRöllin HB, Kootbodien T, Channa K, Odland JØ (2015) Prenatal Exposure to Cadmium, Placental Permeability and Birth Outcomes in Coastal Populations of South Africa. PLoS ONE 10(11): e0142455. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0142455.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn1932-6203
dc.identifier.other10.1371/journal.pone.0142455
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/51764
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherPublic Library of Scienceen_ZA
dc.rights© 2015 Röllin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License.en_ZA
dc.subjectPrenatal exposureen_ZA
dc.subjectBirthen_ZA
dc.subjectSouth Africa (SA)en_ZA
dc.subjectCadmium (Cd)en_ZA
dc.subjectPlacental permeabilityen_ZA
dc.titlePrenatal exposure to cadmium, placental permeability and birth outcomes in coastal populations of South Africaen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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