Systemic immune activation profiles of HIV-1 subtype C-infected children and their mothers

dc.contributor.authorMakhubele, Tinyiko G.
dc.contributor.authorSteel, Helen Carolyn
dc.contributor.authorAnderson, Ronald
dc.contributor.authorVan Dyk, Gisela
dc.contributor.authorTheron, Annette J.
dc.contributor.authorRossouw, Theresa M.
dc.contributor.emailtheresa.rossouw@up.ac.zaen_ZA
dc.date.accessioned2016-05-18T06:12:27Z
dc.date.available2016-05-18T06:12:27Z
dc.date.issued2016
dc.description.abstractLittle is known about immune activation profiles of children infected with HIV-1 subtype C. The current study compared levels of selected circulating biomarkers of immune activation in HIV-1 subtype C-infected untreated mothers and their children with those of healthy controls. Multiplex bead array, ELISA, and immunonephelometric procedures were used to measure soluble CD14 (sCD14), beta-2 microglobulin (β2M), CRP, MIG, IP-10, and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1). Levels of all 6 biomarkers were significantly elevated in the HIV-infected mothers and, with the exception of MIG, in their children (P < 0.01-P < 0.0001). The effects of antiretroviral therapy (ART) and maternal smoking on these biomarkers were also assessed. With the exception of TGF-β1, which was unchanged in the children 12 months after therapy, initiation of ART was accompanied by decreases in the other biomarkers. Regression analysis revealed that although most biomarkers were apparently unaffected by smoking, exposure of children to maternal smoking was associated with a significant increase in IP-10. These findings demonstrate that biomarkers of immune activation are elevated in HIV-infected children pre-ART and decline, with the exception of TGF-β1, after therapy. Although preliminary, elevation of IP-10 in smoke-exposed infants is consistent with a higher level of immune activation in this group.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentFamily Medicineen_ZA
dc.description.departmentImmunologyen_ZA
dc.description.librarianam2016en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipFunding was received from the South African Medical Research Council.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://www.hindawi.com/journals/mien_ZA
dc.identifier.citationMakhubele, TG, Steel, HC, Anderson, R, Van Dyk, G, Theron, AJ & Rossouw, TM 2016, 'Systemic immune activation profiles of HIV-1 subtype C-infected children and their mothers', Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2016, art. 9026573, pp. 1-7.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0962-9351 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1466-1861 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1155/2016/9026573
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/52679
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherHindawi Publishingen_ZA
dc.rights© 2016 Tinyiko G. Makhubele et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.en_ZA
dc.subjectHIV-1 subtype Cen_ZA
dc.subjectChildrenen_ZA
dc.subjectImmune activationen_ZA
dc.subjectHIV-infected mothersen_ZA
dc.subjectHuman immunodeficiency virus (HIV)en_ZA
dc.subject.otherHealth sciences articles SDG-03
dc.subject.otherSDG-03: Good health and well-being
dc.titleSystemic immune activation profiles of HIV-1 subtype C-infected children and their mothersen_ZA
dc.typeArticleen_ZA

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