Metabolism of aceclofenac in cattle to vulture-killing diclofenac

dc.contributor.authorGalligan, T.H.
dc.contributor.authorTaggart, M. A.
dc.contributor.authorCuthbert, R. J.
dc.contributor.authorSvobodova, D.
dc.contributor.authorChipangura, John Kudakwashe
dc.contributor.authorAlderson, D.
dc.contributor.authorPrakash, V. M.
dc.contributor.authorNaidoo, Vinny
dc.date.accessioned2016-10-18T09:20:58Z
dc.date.issued2016-10
dc.description.abstractThe non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) diclofenac is highly toxic to Gyps vultures and its recent widespread use in South Asia caused catastrophic declines in at least three scavenging raptors. The manufacture of veterinary formulations of diclofenac has since been banned across the region with mixed success. However, at least 12 other NSAIDs are available for veterinary use in South Asia. Aceclofenac is one of these compounds and it is known to metabolise into diclofenac in some mammal species. The metabolic pathway of aceclofenac in cattle, the primary food of vultures in South Asia, is unknown. In this study, we give six cattle the recommended dose of aceclofenac (2 mg/kg), collect blood along a time series and undertake a pharmacokinetic analysis of aceclofenac and diclofenac-metabolites in their plasma using liquid chromatography with mass spectrometry. We found that nearly all of the aceclofenac administered to the cattle was very rapidly metabolised into diclofenac. Therefore, treating livestock with pure diclofenac or aceclofenac poses the same risk to vultures. This fact, coupled with the risk that aceclofenac may replace diclofenac in the veterinary market, fortifies the need for an immediate ban on all aceclofenac formulations that can be used to treat livestock. Without such a ban, the recovery of vultures across South Asia will not be successful.en_ZA
dc.description.departmentParaclinical Sciencesen_ZA
dc.description.embargo2017-10-31
dc.description.librarianhb2016en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorshipThis study was largely funded by the RSPB Centre for Conversation Science. In addition, SAC Consulting: Veterinary Services receives funding from the Scottish Government through the Veterinary and Advisory Services (VAS) programme.en_ZA
dc.description.urihttp://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/journal/10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739en_ZA
dc.identifier.citationGalligan, TH, Taggart, MA, Cuthbert, RJ, Svobodova, D, Chipangura, J, Alderson, D, Prakash, VM & Naidoo, V 2016, 'Metabolism of aceclofenac in cattle to vulture-killing diclofenac', Conservation Biology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1122-1127.en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn0888-8892 (print)
dc.identifier.issn1523-1739 (online)
dc.identifier.other10.1111/cobi.1271
dc.identifier.urihttp://hdl.handle.net/2263/57343
dc.language.isoenen_ZA
dc.publisherWileyen_ZA
dc.rights© 2016 Society for Conservation Biology. This is the pre-peer reviewed version of the following article : Metabolism of aceclofenac in cattle to vulture-killing diclofenac, Conservation Biology, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 1122-1127, 2016. doi : 10.1111/cobi.12711. The definite version is available at : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.comjournal/10.1111/(ISSN)1523-1739.en_ZA
dc.subjectGypsen_ZA
dc.subjectEcotoxicologyen_ZA
dc.subjectPharmacokineticsen_ZA
dc.subjectNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugsen_ZA
dc.subjectVulture declinesen_ZA
dc.subjectThreats to vulturesen_ZA
dc.subjectPharmaceuticals in the environmenten_ZA
dc.subjectNon-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID)en_ZA
dc.titleMetabolism of aceclofenac in cattle to vulture-killing diclofenacen_ZA
dc.typePostprint Articleen_ZA

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