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dc.contributor.author | Coetsee, Theresa![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | De Bruin, Frederik![]() |
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dc.date.accessioned | 2024-08-07T05:40:50Z | |
dc.date.available | 2024-08-07T05:40:50Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2024-05 | |
dc.description.abstract | The submerged arc welding (SAW) process is complex because multi-phase reactions occur simultaneously across a large temperature interval from 2500 °C in the arc cavity, down to the weld pool liquidus temperare at the slag-weld pool interface. This complexity hinders research on specific process metallurgy aspects, such as gas formation from the oxy-fluoride slag. The main objective of this work is to illustrate a low temperature experimental technique as an accurate reaction simulation experiment of SAW flux oxy-fluoride slag behaviour in terms of gas formation and metal powder assimilation reaction mechanisms as observed in the SAW process. The oxy-fluoride slag behaviour was confirmed by identification and analyses of nano-strand formation in the reacted slag formed from the reaction of welding flux with Al-Fe-Cr metal powders at 1350 °C. The observed nano-strand formation agrees with similar observations in SAW post-weld slags used to confirm of oxy-fluoride vaporisation and re-condensation. Element distribution from energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS) maps and thermochemical calculations were used to gain insights into the reactions in nano-strand formation. The nano-strands contained chromium patches and spots of less than 1 μm in scale, confirming that added Cr metal powder assimilated via the gas phase. Cr-fluoride formed part of the oxy-fluoride slag and likely formed Cr-fluoride gas. Cr was recovered via re-condensation of Cr vapour formed from the reaction of Cr-fluoride with Al gas. This work presents an accurate low temperature simulation method of gas formation and metal powder assimilation reactions in oxy-fluoride slags as in the SAW process. | en_US |
dc.description.department | Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering | en_US |
dc.description.librarian | hj2024 | en_US |
dc.description.sdg | SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure | en_US |
dc.description.uri | https://www.elsevier.com/locate/jmrt | en_US |
dc.identifier.citation | Coetsee, T. & Bruin, F.J.D. 2024, 'Low temperature vaporisation of Cr from fluoride flux reacted at 1350 ° C with Al -Cr -Fe powder : thermochemical analysis of gas phase reactions and nano-strand formation', Journal of Materials Research and Technology, vol. 30, pp. 1159-1171, doi : 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.03.100. | en_US |
dc.identifier.issn | 2238-7854 | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.1016/j.jmrt.2024.03.100 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/97472 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_US |
dc.publisher | Elsevier | en_US |
dc.rights | © 2024 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by- nc-nd/4.0/). | en_US |
dc.subject | Submerged arc welding (SAW) | en_US |
dc.subject | Oxy-fluoride | en_US |
dc.subject | Gas | en_US |
dc.subject | Welding | en_US |
dc.subject | Slag | en_US |
dc.subject | Fluoride | en_US |
dc.subject | Flux | en_US |
dc.subject | SDG-09: Industry, innovation and infrastructure | en_US |
dc.title | Low temperature vaporisation of Cr from fluoride flux reacted at 1350 ° C with Al -Cr -Fe powder : thermochemical analysis of gas phase reactions and nano-strand formation | en_US |
dc.type | Article | en_US |