dc.contributor.author |
Townsend, Garyn
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Van Rooyen, Elmar
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Hill, Martin
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
De Beer, Z. Wilhelm
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Roets, Francois
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2024-05-21T07:03:26Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2024-05-21T07:03:26Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2024-04 |
|
dc.description |
DATA AVAILABILITY STATEMENT : The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request. |
en_US |
dc.description |
SUPPORTING INFORMATION : TABLE S1. List of tree species and their respective families found in all 51 monitoring plots. Summaries are presented for mean (± SE) diameter at breast height (cm), the percentage of trees of each species out of all trees of all species (dominance), polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) breeding host or not, the percentage of trees that were infested by PSHB, the percentage increase of infested trees from sampling period 1–4, and the percentage increase in the number of holes from sampling period 1–4.
TABLE S2. All tree species found in 10 polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) monitoring plots set out at the George Botanical Garden's. Presented is the dominance (% of all trees encountered), the number of trees infested with PSHB (% of infested trees of that species), and the average diameter at breast height (cm) of each species encountered.
TABLE S3. Test table showing sample size (n), χ2 statistic, P, and Yates correction P for the preferential colonization of polyphagous shot hole borer between tree species. |
en_US |
dc.description.abstract |
The polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB), Euwallacea fornicatus Eichhoff (Coleoptera: Curculionidae, Scolytinae), is a significant tree-killing pest recently introduced into South Africa. Many native trees in urban settings are susceptible to infestation, but the presence of PSHB in natural ecosystems is unstudied. The presence and drivers of PSHB colonization in 1682 trees of 68 species were evaluated in 51 plots across a native Afrotemperate forest complex in South Africa. Breeding colonies of PSHB were found in six native species (breeding hosts). An additional 11 species did not contain PSHB colonies but hosted its mutualistic fungus Fusarium euwallaceae Freeman et al. (Hypocreales: Nectriaceae). Invasibility increased when plots were closer to the urban infestation border, further away from surface water, and when containing a larger number of breeding hosts. Invasibility decreased with an increase in tree species richness. Polyphagous shot hole borers were found in climax forest distant to urban areas at sites frequented by tourists. The severity of infestation of trees increased with an increase in host diameter, breeding host abundance, and infested tree abundance. Probability of infestation increased with an increase in the number of infested trees. Infested trees were not spatially clumped. Instead, PSHB preferentially selected eight of the 17 native host species. And the data suggest that larger trees of these species may be more susceptible to PSHB. Eight species were infested at random and two were infested seemingly accidentally. Infestations increased more rapidly on larger trees and on those surrounded by a high abundance of breeding hosts. This study confirms that Afrotemperate forests are highly susceptible to invasion by PSHB. Direct anthropogenic impact had no discernible effect on infestations, but humans aided spread of PSHB to distant sites. Halting movement of contaminated wood is important. Management of PSHB should focus on highly infested areas and trees as these increase the likelihood of further and more severe infestations. |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Biochemistry |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Genetics |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Microbiology and Plant Pathology |
en_US |
dc.description.department |
Zoology and Entomology |
en_US |
dc.description.librarian |
hj2024 |
en_US |
dc.description.sdg |
SDG-15:Life on land |
en_US |
dc.description.sponsorship |
Tree Protection Cooperative Programme (TPCP);
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI);
South African Department of Environment, Forestry, and Fisheries (DEFF). |
en_US |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.wileyonlinelibrary.com/journal/eea |
en_US |
dc.identifier.citation |
Townsend, G., Van Rooyen, E., Hill, M., De Beer, W. & Roets, F. (2024) Invasion of an
Afrotemperate forest complex by the polyphagous
shot hole borer beetle. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata 172: 354–369. https://doi.org/10.1111/eea.13415. |
en_US |
dc.identifier.issn |
0013-8703 (print) |
|
dc.identifier.issn |
1570-7458 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.1111/eea.13415 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/96100 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_US |
dc.publisher |
Wiley |
en_US |
dc.rights |
© 2024 The Authors. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Netherlands Entomological Society.
This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License. |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Polyphagous shot hole borer (Euwallacea fornicatus) |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Polyphagous shot hole borer (PSHB) |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Ambrosia beetles |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Coleoptera |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Curculionidae |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Disease incidence |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Euwallacea fornicatus |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Fusarium dieback disease |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Fusarium euwallaceae |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Host density |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Invasion biology |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Invasive pest |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Native forest |
en_US |
dc.subject |
Tree-killing pest |
en_US |
dc.subject |
SDG-15: Life on land |
en_US |
dc.title |
Invasion of an Afrotemperate forest complex by the polyphagous shot hole borer beetle |
en_US |
dc.type |
Article |
en_US |