Abstract:
African swine fever (ASF) is a contagious viral disease of swine worldwide. ASF in South Africa has for many years been confined
to a controlled area in the northeast of the country that was proclaimed in 1935. Since 2012, outbreaks are more likely to occur in
the historically ASF-free area. This study aimed to analyse the spatial and spatiotemporal structure of ASF outbreaks in South Africa
between 1993 and 2018. Global space-time clustering of ASF outbreaks was investigated by the Diggle space-time K-function while
Kulldorff’s spatial scan statistic was applied to detect local cluster of ASF outbreaks. Globally, ASF outbreaks exhibit statistically
significant spatial clustering. They have shown a significant negative space-time interaction at month scale (p = 0.003) but no
significant space-time interaction at year scale (p = 0.577), revealing strong evidence that ASF cases that are close in space occur in
months which are close and vice versa. In studying local area space-time clustering at both month and year scale, three significant
local clusters associated with high-rate were detected. These clusters are localised in both the ASF-controlled area and outside the
controlled area with radius varying from 60.84 km up to 271.43 km and risk ratio varying from 6.61 up to 17.70. At month scale,
clusters with more outbreaks were observed between June 2017 and August 2017 and involved 22 outbreaks followed by the
cluster that involved 13 outbreaks in January 2012. These results show the need to maintain high biosecurity standards on pig
farms in both inside and outside the ASF-controlled areas.
