Physical demands of tennis across the different court surfaces, performance levels and sexes: a systematic review with meta-analysis

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dc.contributor.author Pluim, Babette M.
dc.contributor.author Jansen, Marleen G.T.
dc.contributor.author Williamson, Samuel
dc.contributor.author Berry, Cain
dc.contributor.author Camporesi, Silvia
dc.contributor.author Fagher, Kristina
dc.contributor.author Heron, Neil
dc.contributor.author Janse van Rensburg, Dina Christina
dc.contributor.author Moreno-Perez, Víctor
dc.contributor.author Murray, Andrew
dc.contributor.author O’Connor, Sean R.
dc.contributor.author De Oliveira, Fabio Carlos Lucas
dc.contributor.author Reid, Machar
dc.contributor.author Van Reijen, Miriam
dc.contributor.author Saueressig, Tobias
dc.contributor.author Schoonmade, Linda J.
dc.contributor.author Thornton, Jane S.
dc.contributor.author Webborn, Nick
dc.contributor.author Ardern, Clare
dc.date.accessioned 2023-02-13T09:17:54Z
dc.date.issued 2023-04
dc.description.abstract BACKGROUND : Tennis is a multidirectional high-intensity intermittent sport for male and female individuals played across multiple surfaces. Although several studies have attempted to characterise the physical demands of tennis, a meta-analysis is still lacking. OBJECTIVE : We aimed to describe and synthesise the physical demands of tennis across the different court surfaces, performance levels and sexes. METHODS : PubMed, Embase, CINAHL and SPORTDiscus were searched from inception to 19 April, 2022. A backward citation search was conducted for included articles using Scopus. The PECOS framework was used to formulate eligibility criteria. Population: tennis players of regional, national or international playing levels (juniors and adults). Exposure: singles match play. Comparison: sex (male/female), court surface (hard, clay, grass). Outcome: duration of play, on-court movement and stroke performance. Study design: cross-sectional, longitudinal. Pooled means or mean differences with 95% confidence intervals were calculated. A random-effects meta-analysis with robust variance estimation was performed. The measures of heterogeneity were Cochrane Q and 95% prediction intervals. Subgroup analysis was used for different court surfaces. RESULTS : The literature search generated 7736 references; 64 articles were included for qualitative and 42 for quantitative review. Mean [95% confidence interval] rally duration, strokes per rally and effective playing time on all surfaces were 5.5 s [4.9, 6.3], 4.1 [3.4, 5.0] and 18.6% [15.8, 21.7] for international male players and 6.4 s [5.4, 7.6], 3.9 [2.4, 6.2] and 20% [17.3, 23.3] for international female players. Mean running distances per point, set and match were 9.6 m [7.6, 12.2], 607 m [443, 832] and 2292 m [1767, 2973] (best-of-5) for international male players and 8.2 m [4.4, 15.2], 574 m [373, 883] and 1249 m [767, 2035] for international female players. Mean first- and second-serve speeds were 182 km·h−1 [178, 187] and 149 km·h−1 [135, 164] for international male players and 156 km·h−1 95% confidence interval [151, 161] and 134 km·h−1 [107, 168] for international female players. CONCLUSIONS : The findings from this study provide a comprehensive summary of the physical demands of tennis. These results may guide tennis-specific training programmes. We recommend more consistent measuring and reporting of data to enable future meta-analysts to pool meaningful data. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION : The protocol for this systematic review was registered a priori at the Open Science Framework (Registration DOI https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/MDWFY). en_US
dc.description.department Sports Medicine en_US
dc.description.embargo 2023-02-08
dc.description.librarian hj2023 en_US
dc.description.uri https://link.springer.com/journal/40279 en_US
dc.identifier.citation Pluim, B.M., Jansen, M.G.T., Williamson, S. et al. Physical Demands of Tennis Across the Different Court Surfaces, Performance Levels and Sexes: A Systematic Review with Meta-analysis. Sports Medicine 53, 807–836 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-022-01807-8. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 0112-1642 (print)
dc.identifier.issn 1179-2035 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1007/s40279-022-01807-8
dc.identifier.uri https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/89432
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Springer en_US
dc.rights © The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. The original publication is available at : https://www.springer.com/journal/40279. en_US
dc.subject Tennis en_US
dc.subject Physical demands en_US
dc.subject Court surfaces en_US
dc.subject Performance levels en_US
dc.subject Sexes en_US
dc.title Physical demands of tennis across the different court surfaces, performance levels and sexes: a systematic review with meta-analysis en_US
dc.type Postprint Article en_US


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