Entomological assessment of tsetse-borne trypanosome risk in the Shimba Hills human-wildlife-livestock interface, Kenya

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dc.contributor.author Ebhodaghe, Faith I.
dc.contributor.author Bastos, Armanda
dc.contributor.author Okal, Michael N.
dc.contributor.author Masiga, Daniel K.
dc.date.accessioned 2022-10-25T06:40:01Z
dc.date.available 2022-10-25T06:40:01Z
dc.date.issued 2022-08-22
dc.description.abstract Shimba Hills is a wildlife area in Kenya and a major focus of tsetse-borne trypanosomes in East Africa. In Shimba Hills, tsetse-borne trypanosomes constrain animal health and smallholder livelihoods. However, epidemiological data to guide hotspot-targeted control of infections are limited. This study assessed the dynamics of tsetse-borne trypanosome risk in Shimba Hills with the objective to describe infection hotspots for targeted control. Tsetse flies (n = 696) collected in field surveys between November 2018 and September 2019 in Shimba Hills were characterized for chronological age and phenotypic sizes and screened for trypanosome and cattle DNA. Entomological inoculation rates for trypanosome risk assessment were derived from the product of fly abundance and molecular rates of vector infection and confirmed cattle bloodmeals in tsetse flies. In addition, cattle health indicators including anemia scores were assessed in contemporaneous parasitological surveys that screened livestock blood samples (n = 1,417) for trypanosome using the buy-coat technique. Compared with Glossina brevipalpis and G. austeni, G. pallidipes was the most abundant tsetse fly species in Shimba Hills and had a wider spatial distribution and greater likelihood for infectious bites on cattle. The risk of cattle infection was similar along the Shimba Hills human-wildlifelivestock interface and high within one thousand meters of the wildlife reserve boundary. Trypanosomes in tsetse flies were highly diverse and included parasites of wild-suids probably acquired from warthogs in Shimba Hills. Age and phenotypic sizes were similar between tsetse fly populations and did not aect the probability of infection or cattle bloodmeals in the vectors. Anemia was more likely in trypanosome-positive cattle whilst parasitological infection rates in cattle samples maintained a weak relationship with entomological inoculation rates probably because of the limited time scale of sample collection. Trypanosome risk in Shimba Hills is high in locations close to the wildlife reserve and driven by G. pallidipes infectious bites on cattle. Therefore, trypanosome vector control programmes in the area should be designed to reduce G. pallidipes abundance and tailored to target sites close to the wildlife reserve. en_US
dc.description.department Zoology and Entomology en_US
dc.description.librarian dm2022 en_US
dc.description.uri https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/veterinary-science en_US
dc.identifier.citation Ebhodaghe, F.I., Bastos, A.D.S., Okal, M.N. & Masiga, D.K. (2022) Entomological assessment of tsetse-borne trypanosome risk in the Shimba Hills human-wildlife-livestock interface, Kenya. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 9:931078. doi: 10.3389/fvets.2022.931078. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 2297-1769 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.3389/fvets.2022.931078
dc.identifier.uri https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/87920
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Frontiers Media S.A. en_US
dc.rights © 2022 Ebhodaghe, Bastos, Okal and Masiga. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). en_US
dc.subject Epidemiology en_US
dc.subject Trypanosomias en_US
dc.subject Glossina en_US
dc.subject National Reserve en_US
dc.subject East Africa en_US
dc.subject Kenya en_US
dc.subject Tsetse-borne trypanosomes en_US
dc.title Entomological assessment of tsetse-borne trypanosome risk in the Shimba Hills human-wildlife-livestock interface, Kenya en_US
dc.type Article en_US


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