Vaccination with Rift Valley fever virus live attenuated vaccine strain Smithburn caused meningoencephalitis in alpacas

Show simple item record

dc.contributor.author Anthony, Tasneem
dc.contributor.author Van Schalkwyk, Antoinette
dc.contributor.author Romito, Marco
dc.contributor.author Odendaal, Lieza
dc.contributor.author Clift, Sarah Jane
dc.contributor.author Davis, Anne S.
dc.date.accessioned 2022-10-19T11:33:49Z
dc.date.available 2022-10-19T11:33:49Z
dc.date.issued 2021
dc.description.abstract Rift Valley fever (RVF) is a zoonotic, viral, mosquito-borne disease that causes considerable morbidity and mortality in humans and livestock in Africa and the Arabian Peninsula. In June 2018, 4 alpaca inoculated subcutaneously with live attenuated RVF virus (RVFV) Smithburn strain exhibited pyrexia, aberrant vocalization, anorexia, neurologic signs, and respiratory distress. One animal died the evening of inoculation, and 2 at ~20 d post-inoculation. Concern regarding potential vaccine strain reversion to wild-type RVFV or vaccine-induced disease prompted autopsy of the latter two. Macroscopically, both alpacas had severe pulmonary edema and congestion, myocardial hemorrhages, and cyanotic mucous membranes. Histologically, they had cerebral nonsuppurative encephalomyelitis with perivascular cuffing, multifocal neuronal necrosis, gliosis, and meningitis. Lesions were more severe in the 4-mo-old cria. RVFV antigen and RNA were present in neuronal cytoplasm, by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization (ISH) respectively, and cerebrum was also RVFV positive by RT-rtPCR. The virus clustered in lineage K (100% sequence identity), with close association to Smithburn sequences published previously (identity: 99.1–100%). There was neither evidence of an aberrant immune-mediated reaction nor reassortment with wild-type virus. The evidence points to a pure infection with Smithburn vaccine strain as the cause of the animals’ disease. en_US
dc.description.department Paraclinical Sciences en_US
dc.description.librarian hj2022 en_US
dc.description.sponsorship The Department of Paraclinical Sciences Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, and the Department of Diagnostic Medicine/Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS. en_US
dc.description.uri https://journals.sagepub.com/home/vdi en_US
dc.identifier.citation Anthony, T., Van Schalkwyk, A., Romito, M., Odendaal, L., Clift, S.J., Davis, A.S. Vaccination with Rift Valley fever virus live attenuated vaccine strain Smithburn caused meningoencephalitis in alpacas. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation. 2021;33(4):777-781. doi:10.1177/10406387211015294. en_US
dc.identifier.issn 1040-6387 (print)
dc.identifier.issn 1943-4936 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1177/10406387211015294
dc.identifier.uri https://repository.up.ac.za/handle/2263/87807
dc.language.iso en en_US
dc.publisher Sage en_US
dc.rights © 2022 The Author(s) en_US
dc.subject Alpacas en_US
dc.subject Vicugna pacos en_US
dc.subject Rift Valley fever (RVF) en_US
dc.subject Live attenuated vaccine en_US
dc.subject Meningoencephalitis en_US
dc.title Vaccination with Rift Valley fever virus live attenuated vaccine strain Smithburn caused meningoencephalitis in alpacas en_US
dc.type Postprint Article en_US


Files in this item

This item appears in the following Collection(s)

Show simple item record