Abstract:
The intentions of this dissertation are to investigate the phenomenon of neglected buildings and urban spaces occupied and appropriated by the homeless, and to explore the spatial and design potential that this appropriation provides in the transformation and (re)activation of one such site – Melgisedek, Pretoria. The informal appropriation of neglected buildings is often viewed as causing a loss to heritage and identity (Doron 2000, Grunewald and Breed 2013). However, it is argued that this appropriation adds to the palimpsest of evolving identity and heritage embedded in these sites, which could guide the reimagination of these places as socially inclusive spaces (Dreifuss-Serrano 2020: 597, Shaw and Hudson 2009: 9).
Throughout the dissertation, the author explores two themes: the social condition of homelessness and informal appropriation (the primary focus) and the historical condition of the architectural heritage of the site (the secondary focus). The project attempts to overlap these often disconnected themes in an effort to honour and address both. The proposed intervention of transitional housing within a broader conceptual framework aims to uncover the site’s latent potential by navigating the tensions between the social and the historical, permanence and temporality, existing and new, formal and informal, by building on existing activities of appropriation to create new layers of architecture while honouring the existing heritage.
The research on homelessness, case studies of occupied neglected buildings and the analysis of the site, its inhabitants and history guide the development of a multi-layered, incremental site vision with a three-stranded programme. This includes the social welfare programme, the public interface programme and the anchoring link of a communal garden, aimed at incorporating and reinterpreting existing activities of appropriation and addressing the needs of the homeless to reintegrate them into society. The heritage buildings are viewed as permanent anchors and the new additions as a sinew between them, both used to continue the evolving palimpsest of architectural styles and uses on site. A transitional housing development forms the focus for design development, which interweaves permanence, transience, adaptability and flexibility, while reinterpreting the spatial principles of the existing heritage architecture.
Finally, the project is intended to serve as a prototypical exploration of how current complex social issues may be approached in tandem with a respect for existing heritage on other similar sites in South Africa. It also suggests a possible architectural approach to addressing the issue of homelessness, appropriation and [occupied] neglected spaces, which are closely intertwined.
