History of the development, use and impact of tsetse control measures in Zimbabwe

Abstract

This study evaluated the impacts of different control techniques on tsetse and animal African trypanosomiasis (AAT). To appreciate the selection and use of different control measures under different circumstances, it was necessary to understand the sequence of how the techniques were developed, and why. That sequence was assisted by progressive refinements in knowledge of the behaviour, ecology and physiology of tsetse. The choice of techniques to apply depended mainly on the objective of the control programme and predictions for cost-effectiveness and environmental impact. Using specific case studies, present work evaluated the performance of different control techniques by their effects on the abundance and distribution of tsetse and the prevalence of AAT. Consideration of the numerous field operations conducted since 1980 offered important lessons on how the different techniques should be applied to best advantage. Epidemiological and entomological data are important aids to the design of control programmes. There is, therefore, a need to ensure that such data are stored in a centralized and harmonized information system, i.e. an atlas. This information system is key in the identification and prioritisation of areas for tsetse control interventions. Atlas data were used in developing the Progressive Control Pathway (PCP), which categorises areas for attention in specific stages of the PCP. It is expected that the PCP will be instrumental in informing policy and designing strategies for the elimination of AAT, in line with the OIE standards on the declaration of disease free status.