Breast cancer in low-middle income countries : abnormality in splicing and lack of targeted treatment options

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dc.contributor.author Francies, Flavia Zita
dc.contributor.author Hull, Rodney
dc.contributor.author Khanyile, Richard
dc.contributor.author Dlamini, Zodwa
dc.date.accessioned 2021-10-06T14:28:51Z
dc.date.available 2021-10-06T14:28:51Z
dc.date.issued 2020-05
dc.description.abstract Breast cancer is a common malignancy among women worldwide. Regardless of the economic status of a country, breast cancer poses a burden in prevention, diagnosis and treatment. Developed countries such as the U.S. have high incidence and mortality rates of breast cancer. Although low incidence rates are observed in developing countries, the mortality rate is on the rise implying that low- to middle-income countries lack the resources for preventative screening for early detection and adequate treatment resources. The differences in incidence between countries can be attributed to changes in exposure to environmental risk factors, behaviour and lifestyle factors of the different population groups. Genomic modifications are an important factor that significantly alters the risk profile of breast tumourigenesis. The incidence of early-onset breast cancer is increasing and evidence shows that early onset of breast cancer is far more aggressive than late onset of the disease; possibly due to the difference in genetic alterations or tumour biology. Alternative splicing is a pivotal factor in the progressions of breast cancer. It plays a significant role in tumour prognosis, survival and drug resistance; hence, it offers a valuable option as a therapeutic target. In this review, the differences in breast cancer incidence and mortality rates in developed countries will be compared to low- to middle-income countries. The review will also discuss environmental and lifestyle risk factors, and the underlying molecular mechanisms, genetic variations or mutations and alternative splicing that may contribute to the development and novel drug targets for breast cancer. en_ZA
dc.description.department Medical Oncology en_ZA
dc.description.librarian hj2021 en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship The South African Medical Research Council (SA-MRC) en_ZA
dc.description.uri http://www.ajcr.us en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation Francies, F.Z., Hull, R., Khanyile, R. & Dlamini, Z. 2020, 'Breast cancer in low-middle income countries: abnormality in splicing and lack of targeted treatment options', American Journal of Cancer Research, vol. 10, no. 5, pp. 1568-1591. en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn 2156-6976 (online)
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/82059
dc.language.iso en en_ZA
dc.publisher e-Century Publishing en_ZA
dc.rights AJCR Copyright © 2020 en_ZA
dc.subject Breast cancer en_ZA
dc.subject BRCA en_ZA
dc.subject Family history en_ZA
dc.subject HER2 en_ZA
dc.subject Aberrant splicing en_ZA
dc.title Breast cancer in low-middle income countries : abnormality in splicing and lack of targeted treatment options en_ZA
dc.type Postprint Article en_ZA


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