Abstract:
Van Staden N, Siebert SJ, Cilliers DP, Wilsenach D, Frisby AW. 2020. Floristic analysis of semi-arid mountain ecosystems of
the Griqualand West centre of plant endemism, Northern Cape, South Africa. Biodiversitas 21: 1989-2002. The Griqualand West Centre
(GWC) is one of 13 centres of plant endemism in South Africa. Despite its unique flora, it remains poorly conserved and studied. A
recent study identified an extensive geographical core area for the GWC, but endemic plant species were found to be absent from certain
parts within these borders. To address this, we refined the current GWC borders based on an ecological niche model, which predicted that
endemic species are restricted to four mountain ranges within GWC. Mountain floras within these refined borders were then floristically
compared to assess whether they are hotspots of endemicity. Floristically, the Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Malvaceae, and Poaceae were the
dominant plant families. Mountain ecosystems differed from one another at species level, with indicator species explaining the
compositional differences. Distribution patterns of indicator species were determined by mean annual precipitation, Ca: Mg ratios, soil
pH, cation exchange capacity, iron, and sand content. These environmental factors are possible drivers of niche partitioning,
environmental filtering and habitat specialization in each mountain ecosystem. Limestone and banded ironstone habitats were identified
as conservation priority areas, since they contained the highest numbers of rare and threatened GWC restricted-range species, of which six
were narrow endemics.
