Hypermobility spectrum disorder and performance-related musculoskeletal disorders in violinists

Abstract

The study aimed to explore Hypermobility Spectrum Disorder (HSD) and the occurrence of Performance-Related Musculoskeletal Disorder (PRMD) in violin players. Six violinists were interviewed, to gain an understanding of their experience of living with the condition and performance-related disorders and injuries. The study took a phenomenological and constructivist approach to the research. It made use of multiple case studies, with the inclusion of an auto-ethnographic case study. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews, and a self-interview. The data were analysed through IPA analysis, as proposed by Smith, Flowers and Larkin (2009). It was found that knowledge of HSD is limited, but understanding is gradually developing. Similarly, research into PRMD occurrence in hypermobile violinists is insubstantial. Participants had little in-depth knowledge of HSD, and it was, therefore, challenging to draw meaningful conclusions between HSD and injury in violin players. The most common loci of pain included the neck, shoulder, back, hand, and wrist. Although injury and pain are common, participants tended to avoid or dismiss their pain for several reasons. None of the participants are currently able to play without pain, and the emotional effects of injury are extensive. This study concludes that the existing knowledge of HSD among violinists and healthcare professionals, specifically in relation to musicians, is limited. This may be a large contributor for the occurrence of injury in this group. Actions can and need to be taken to address the paucity of research into this field in order to reduce the occurrence of injury in hypermobile violinists.