Abstract:
Acute phase reactants (APRs) have not been investigated in white rhinoceros
(Ceratotherium simum). This study aimed to identify clinically useful APRs in this species.
Reference intervals (RIs) were generated for albumin, fibrinogen, haptoglobin, iron and
serum amyloid A (SAA) from 48 free-ranging animals, except for SAA (n = 23). APR
concentrations between healthy animals and those with tissue injury (inflammation) (n
= 30) were compared. Diagnostic performance was evaluated using receiver-operator
characteristic (ROC) curve and logistic regression analyses. RIs were: albumin 18–31
g/L, fibrinogen 1.7–2.9 g/L, haptoglobin 1.0–4.3 g/L, iron 9.7–35.0 μmol/L, SAA <20
mg/L. Iron and albumin were lower and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA higher in injured
vs. healthy animals. Iron showed the best diagnostic accuracy followed by fibrinogen,
albumin, haptoglobin and SAA. Iron ≤ 15.1 μmol/L and haptoglobin >4.7 g/L were
significant predictors of inflammatory status and together correctly predicted the clinical
status of 91% of cases. SAA > 20 mg/L had a specificity of 100%. In conclusion,
albumin and iron are negative and fibrinogen, haptoglobin and SAA positive APRs in the
white rhinoceros. The combination of iron and haptoglobin had an excellent diagnostic
accuracy for detecting inflammation.
