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dc.contributor.author | Isa, Hamza Ibrahim![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Ferreira, Gezina Catharina Helena![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Crafford, Jan Ernst![]() |
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dc.contributor.author | Botha, C.J. (Christoffel Jacobus)![]() |
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dc.date.accessioned | 2019-08-22T09:03:05Z | |
dc.date.available | 2019-08-22T09:03:05Z | |
dc.date.issued | 2019-05 | |
dc.description.abstract | Moraea pallida Bak. (yellow tulp) poisoning is the most important cardiac glycoside-induced intoxication in ruminants in South Africa. The toxic principle, 1α, 2α-epoxyscillirosidine, is a bufadienolide. To replace the use of sentient animals in toxicity testing, the aim of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxic effects of epoxyscillirosidine on rat embryonic cardiomyocytes (H9c2 cell line). This in vitro cell model can then be used in future toxin neutralization or toxico-therapy studies. Cell viability, evaluated with the methyl blue thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) assay, indicated a hormetic dose/concentration response, characterized by a biphasic low dose stimulation and high dose inhibition. Increased cell membrane permeability and leakage, as expected with necrotic cells, were demonstrated with the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay. The LC50 was 382.68, 132.28 and 289.23 μM for 24, 48, and 72 h respectively. Numerous cytoplasmic vacuoles, karyolysis and damage to the cell membrane, indicative of necrosis, were observed at higher doses. Ultra-structural changes suggested that the cause of H9c2 cell death, subsequent to epoxyscillirosidine exposure, is necrosis, which is consistent with myocardial necrosis observed at necropsy. Based on the toxicity observed, and supported by ultra-structural findings, the H9c2 cell line could be a suitable in vitro model to evaluate epoxyscillirosidine neutralization or other therapeutic interventions in the future. View Full-Text | en_ZA |
dc.description.department | Paraclinical Sciences | en_ZA |
dc.description.department | Veterinary Tropical Diseases | en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian | hj2019 | en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship | The Tshwane Animal Health Innovation Cluster (Grant number TAHC 12-00031). | en_ZA |
dc.description.uri | http://www.mdpi.com/journal/toxins | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation | Isa, H.I., Ferreira, G.C.H., Crafford, J.E. et al. Epoxyscillirosidine induced cytotoxicity and ultrastructural changes in a rat embryonic cardiomyocyte (H9c2) cell line. Toxins 2019, 11(5), 284; https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins11050284. | en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn | 2072-6651 (online) | |
dc.identifier.other | 10.3390/toxins11050284 | |
dc.identifier.uri | http://hdl.handle.net/2263/71170 | |
dc.language.iso | en | en_ZA |
dc.publisher | MDPI | en_ZA |
dc.rights | © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Cardiac glycoside | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Epoxyscillirosidine | en_ZA |
dc.subject | H9c2 cells | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Hormesis | en_ZA |
dc.subject | LDH assay | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Moraea pallida | en_ZA |
dc.subject | MTT assay | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Methyl blue thiazol tetrazolium (MTT) | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Necrosis | en_ZA |
dc.subject | Poisoning | en_ZA |
dc.title | Epoxyscillirosidine induced cytotoxicity and ultrastructural changes in a rat embryonic cardiomyocyte (H9c2) cell line | en_ZA |
dc.type | Article | en_ZA |