Neonatal resuscitation training and skill acquisition : a realist synthesis

Abstract

The researcher conducted a realist synthesis with the aim of uncovering mechanisms in the context of simulated neonatal resuscitation training that could influence skill acquisition. This realist synthesis developed a contextual understanding regarding Simulated neonatal resuscitation training by asking what works for whom and in what context and possibly why? (Pawson 2006). This involved uncovering relationships between simulation as context (C), their underlying mechanisms (M) and outcomes (O), and therefore the C-M-O configuration. Purposive sampling was utilised as this provided the researcher with the opportunity to seek specific data related to neonatal resuscitation training in simulation. Data was arranged into C-M-O configurations and was divided respectively into themes and sub-themes. Theme one was related to context, with sub-themes being high and low fidelity simulation. Theme two was about the mechanisms, with sub-themes being active mentoring, leadership development, debriefing, lectures and self-efficacy evaluations. Theme three was related to outcomes, with sub-themes being short- and long-term outcomes with reference to acquisition and retention of skills. From the findings it was concluded that skill acquisition and retention of neonatal resuscitation skills were most effectively achieved through simulation training combined with supporting mechanisms. Their configuration might equip nurses with sufficient knowledge, skills and confidence to initiate effective neonatal resuscitation.