dc.contributor.author |
Kapwata, Thandi
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Mathee, Angela
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Le Roux, Wouter Jacobus
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Wright, Caradee Yael
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2019-05-20T09:54:25Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2019-05-20T09:54:25Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2018-08-06 |
|
dc.description |
Supplementary Materials: Figure S1: Full study questionnnaire. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract |
Diarrhoeal disease is a significant contributor to child morbidity and mortality, particularly
in the developing world. Poor sanitation, a lack of personal hygiene and inadequate water supplies
are known risk factors for diarrhoeal disease. Since risk factors may vary by population or setting,
we evaluated the prevalence of diarrhoeal disease at the household level using a questionnaire to
better understand household-level risk factors for diarrhoea in selected rural areas in South Africa.
In a sub-sample of dwellings, we measured the microbial quality of drinking water. One in five
households had at least one case of diarrhoea during the previous summer. The most widespread
source of drinking water was a stand-pipe (inside yard) (45%) followed by an indoor tap inside the
dwelling (29%). Storage of water was common (97%) with around half of households storing water in
plastic containers with an opening large enough to fit a hand through. After adjusting for confounders,
the occurrence of diarrhoea was statistically significantly associated with sourcing water from an
indoor tap (Adjusted Odds Ratio (AOR): 2.73, 95% CI: 2.73, 1.14–6.56) and storing cooked/perishable
food in non-refrigerated conditions (AOR: 2.17, 95% CI: 2.17, 1.44–3.26). The highest total coliform
counts were found in water samples from kitchen containers followed by stand-pipes. Escherichia coli
were most often detected in samples from stand-pipes and kitchen containers. One in four households
were at risk of exposure to contaminated drinking water, increasing the susceptibility of the study
participants to episodes of diarrhoea. It is imperative that water quality meets guideline values and
routine monitoring of quality of drinking water is done to minimise diarrhoea risk in relevant rural
communities. The security of water supply in rural areas should be addressed as a matter of public
health urgency to avoid the need for water storage. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Geography, Geoinformatics and Meteorology |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2019 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
This research was carried out for the iDEWS (infectious Diseases Early-Warning System) project
supported by SATREPS (Science and Technology Research Partnership for Sustainable Development) Program of
JICA (JAPAN International Cooperation Agency)/AMED (Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development)
in Japan and the ACCESS (Applied Centre for Climate and Earth Systems Science) program of NRF (National
Research Foundation) and DST (Department of Science and Technology in South Africa). C.Y. Wright, A. Mathee
and T. Kapwata receive research funding from the South African Medical Research Council. CYWright and A
Mathee receive research funding from the National Research Foundation of South Africa. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.mdpi.com/journal/ijerph |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Kapwata, T., Mathee, A., Le Roux, W.J. et al. 2018, 'Diarrhoel disease in relation to possible household risk factors in South African villages', International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, vol. 15, no. 8, art. 1665, pp. 1-12. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1660-4601 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.3390/ijerph15081665 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/69173 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
MDPI Publishing |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access
article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution
(CC BY) license. |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Diarrhoea |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Water quality |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Water storage |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Environmental health |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
South African villages |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Household risk factors |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Diarrhoel disease in relation to possible household risk factors in South African villages |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |