Stabilizing sunflower biodiesel with synthetic antioxidant blends

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Authors

Van der Westhuizen, Isbe
Focke, Walter Wilhelm

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Volume Title

Publisher

Elsevier

Abstract

Biodiesel was prepared using base catalyzed methanolysis of sunflower oil. The oxidative stability of the neat biodiesel, as well as samples spiked with 0.15 wt% antioxidant was quantified by induction periods (IP) obtained with the Rancimat method according to the tangent method. The neat stabilizers, binary blends and a ternary mixture of poly(1,2-dihydro-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline) (Orox PK), tetrakis[methylene(3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyhydrocinnamate)]methane (Anox 20), and tris(nonylphenyl)phoshite (Naugard P) were tested. Of these, Anox 20 was the most effective stabilizer while Naugard P proved ineffective for the sunflower biodiesel. Synergistic improvement of oxidative stability was observed on partial substitution of this phenolic-based compound with the Orox PK. Combinations of the latter amine-based stabilizer with other phenolic antioxidants did not show any synergy, with perhaps the exception of DTBHQ. At a dosage of 0.15 wt%, only TBHQ, propyl gallate and pyrogallol, as well as their 2:1 blends with Orox PK, provided IP values that exceeded 8 h as required by the European Standard EN 14,214 for biodiesel.

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Keywords

Antioxidant, Biodiesel, Oxidative stability, Rancimat method, Scheffé polynomial, Oxidation resistance, Sunflower oil, European standards, Induction periods, Partial substitution, Phenolic antioxidant, Synthetic antioxidants, Ternary mixtures, Synthetic fuels

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Citation

Van der Westhuizen, I. & Focke, W.W. 2018, 'Stabilizing sunflower biodiesel with synthetic antioxidant blends', Fuel, vol. 219, pp. 126-131.