dc.contributor.author |
Van der Heijden, E.M.D.L. (Elisabeth)
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Chileshe, J.
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dc.contributor.author |
Vernooij, J.C.M.
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dc.contributor.author |
Gortazar, G.
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dc.contributor.author |
Juste, R.A.
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dc.contributor.author |
Sevilla, I.
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dc.contributor.author |
Crafford, Jan Ernst
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dc.contributor.author |
Rutten, Victor P.M.G.
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Michel, Anita Luise
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dc.date.accessioned |
2018-07-19T12:46:17Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2018-07-19T12:46:17Z |
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dc.date.issued |
2017-11-20 |
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dc.description |
S1 Fig. Conventional PCR for the detection ofMycobacterium bovis. PCR targeting RD1,
RD4 and RD9 as previously described. PCR products of +- 268bp (RD4 absent), +- 196bp
(RD1 absent) and +- 108bp (RD9 absent) indicate M. bovis BCG. Animals 18, 21 and 31 belong
to group 1 (live M. bovis BCG), animals 2, 6, 7, 16 and 29 belong to group 2 (formalin-inactivated
M. bovis BCG), animals 8, 9, 10, 11 and 26 belong to group 3 (heat-killed M. bovis) and
animals 12 and 15 belong to group 4 (control). R = right prescapular lymph node. |
en_ZA |
dc.description |
S1 Dataset. Tables containing the raw data of the immunological assays. (A) BOVIGAM
assay. OD-values for all stimulations and controls. (B) IDEXX TB ELISA. OD-values for the
samples and controls as well as S/P-ratio. (C) Skin test. Skin fold thickness measurements at
0hrs, 72hrs and the difference (Δmm) in mm. Avian = PPD-A; Bovine = PPD-B; PC1 = protein
cocktail 1; PC2 = protein cocktail 2. (D) Culture. Weights (g) and bacterial counts (CFU/g of
PLN) of left and right PLNs. |
en_ZA |
dc.description |
S2 Dataset. Tables describing the statistical models and their outcomes. (A) Linear mixed
effects models describing PPD-B and the ratios of PPD-B/PPD-A and PPD-B/PPD-F. Outcome
= a + b1 time + b2 group + b3 (time group). Data were log transformed in order
to meet the model assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity. Back-transformed estimates
and 95% confidence intervals are given. Significant results are in bold. (B) Linear mixed
effects models describing ESAT-6 and CFP-10. Outcome = a + b1 time + b2 group + b3
(time group). Data were log transformed in order to meet the model assumptions of normality
and homoscedasticity. Back-transformed estimates and 95% confidence are given. Significant
results are in bold. (C) Linear mixed effects model describing the S/P ratio. Outcome = a
+ b1 time + b2 group + b3 (time group). Data were log transformed in order to meet the
model assumptions of normality and homoscedasticity. Back-transformed estimates and 95%
confidence intervals are given. Significant results are in bold. (D) Double generalized linear
model describing ΔPPDBÐΔPPDA in the skin test. Outcome = a + b1 group. Estimates and
95% confidence intervals are given. Significant results are in bold. (E) A simple general linear
model describing ΔPC1 and ΔPC2. Outcome = a + b1 group. Estimates and 95% confidence
intervals are given. Significant results are in bold. (F) Linear mixed effects model describing
the PLN weights. Outcome = a + b1 LN side + b2 group + b3 (LN side group) + b4 gender.
Data (PLN weights) were log transformed in order to meet the model assumptions of normality
and homoscedasticity. Estimates and 95% confidence intervals are given. Significant
results are in bold. (G) Negative binomial generalized linear model describing the bacterial
counts. Outcome = a + b1 group. Back-transformed estimates and 95% confidence intervals
are given. Significant results are in bold. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract |
Conventional control and eradication strategies for bovine tuberculosis (BTB) face tremendous
difficulties in developing countries; countries with wildlife reservoirs, a complex wildlifelivestock-
human interface or a lack of veterinary and veterinary public health surveillance.
Vaccination of cattle and other species might in some cases provide the only suitable control
strategy for BTB, while in others it may supplement existing test-and-slaughter schemes.
However, the use of live BCG has several limitations and the global rise of HIV/AIDS infections
has furthermore warranted the exploration of inactivated vaccine preparations. The
aim of this study was to compare the immune response profiles in response to parenteral
vaccination with live BCG and two inactivated vaccine candidates in cattle.
Twenty-four mixed breed calves (Bos taurus) aged 4±6 months, were allocated to one of
four groups and vaccinated sub-cutaneously with live M. bovis BCG (Danish 1331), formalin-
inactivated M. bovis BCG, heat-killed M. bovis or PBS/Montanide™ (control). Interferon-
γ responsiveness and antibody production were measured prior to vaccination and at
weekly intervals thereafter for twelve weeks. At nine weeks post-priming, animals were skin
tested using tuberculins and MTBC specific protein cocktails and subsequently challenged
through intranodular injection of live M. bovis BCG.
The animals in the heat-killed M. bovis group demonstrated strong and sustained cellmediated
and humoral immune responses, significantly higher than the control group in
response to vaccination, which may indicate a protective immune profile. Animals in this
group showed reactivity to the skin test reagents, confirming good vaccine take. Lastly, although not statistically significant, recovery of BCG after challenge was lowest in the heatkilled
M. bovis group.
In conclusion, the parenteral heat-killed M. bovis vaccine proved to be clearly immunogenic
in cattle in the present study, urging further evaluation of the vaccine in challenge studies
using virulent M. bovis and assessment of vaccine efficacy in field conditions. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Veterinary Tropical Diseases |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2018 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
This work was supported by NWO-
WOTRO Science for Global Development (grant
W01.65.321.00) to VR & AL (https://www.nwo.nl/
en/about-nwo/organisation/nwo-domains/wotro),
and NWO-WOTRO funding was used towards all
experimental costs, including purchase of animals,
consumables, test kits etc.; The Institutional Research Theme of the University of Pretoria on
Animal Zoonotic Disease and the Third Framework
Agreement Programme (FA3-III) through the
Institute of Tropical Medicine, Antwerp, Belgium to
VR & AL (https://www.itg.be), and IRT funding was
used towards all experimental costs, including
purchase of animals, consumables, test kits etc.;
MINECO and FEDER Plan Nacional (grant
AGL2014-56305) to CG (http://www.idi.mineco.
gob.es/portal/site/MICINN/menuitem.26172fcf
4eb029fa6ec7da6901432ea0/?vgnextoid=4d
494d861a299210VgnVCM1000001d04140a
RCRD), and MINECO & FEDER funding was used
towards coordination among IREC members; and
the Erasmus Mundus Action 2 EUROSA
scholarship to EvdH (https://www.uantwerpen.be/
en/projects/eurosa/), and EUROSA funding was
used towards the stipendium of EvdH. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.plosone.org |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
van der Heijden EMDL, Chileshe J,
Vernooij JCM, Gortazar C, Juste RA, Sevilla I, et al.
(2017) Immune response profiles of calves
following vaccination with live BCG and inactivated
Mycobacterium bovis vaccine candidates. PLoS
ONE 12(11): e0188448. https://DOI.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0188448 |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1932-6203 (online) |
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dc.identifier.other |
10.1371/journal.pone.0188448 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/65792 |
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dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
Public Library of Science |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© 2017 van der Heijden et al. This is an
open access article distributed under the terms of
the Creative Commons Attribution License. |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
HIV/AIDS |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Infection |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Vaccination |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Immune response |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Calves |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Mycobacterium bovis |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Immune response profiles of calves following vaccination with live BCG and inactivated Mycobacterium bovis vaccine candidates |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |