HIV as a cause of immune activation and immunosenescence

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dc.contributor.author Sokoya, T.
dc.contributor.author Steel, Helen C.
dc.contributor.author Nieuwoudt, M.
dc.contributor.author Rossouw, Theresa M.
dc.date.accessioned 2017-11-20T12:45:23Z
dc.date.available 2017-11-20T12:45:23Z
dc.date.issued 2017
dc.description.abstract Systemic immune activation has emerged as an essential component of the immunopathogenesis of HIV. It not only leads to faster disease progression, but also to accelerated decline of overall immune competence. HIV-associated immune activation is characterized by an increase in proinflammatory mediators, dysfunctional T regulatory cells, and a pattern of T-cell-senescent phenotypes similar to those seen in the elderly. These changes predispose HIV-infected persons to comorbid conditions that have been linked to immunosenescence and inflamm-ageing, such as atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration, and cancer. In the antiretroviral treatment era, development of such non-AIDS-defining, age-related comorbidities is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. Treatment strategies aimed at curtailing persistent immune activation and inflammation may help prevent the development of these conditions. At present, the most effective strategy appears to be early antiretroviral treatment initiation. No other treatment interventions have been found effective in large-scale clinical trials, and no adjunctive treatment is currently recommended in international HIV treatment guidelines. This article reviews the role of systemic immune activation in the immunopathogenesis of HIV infection, its causes and the clinical implications linked to immunosenescence in adults, and the therapeutic interventions that have been investigated. en_ZA
dc.description.department Immunology en_ZA
dc.description.librarian am2017 en_ZA
dc.description.sponsorship The National Research Foundation of South Africa, Unique Grant no. 93944, and DST/NRF Centre of Excellence in Epidemiological Modelling and Analysis (SACEMA). en_ZA
dc.description.uri http://www.hindawi.com/journals/mi en_ZA
dc.identifier.citation Sokoya, T., Steel, H.C., Nieuwoudt, M. & Rossouw, T.M. 2017, 'HIV as a cause of immune activation and immunosenescence', Mediators of Inflammation, vol. 2017 art. no. 682493, pp. 1-16. en_ZA
dc.identifier.issn 0962-9351 (print)
dc.identifier.issn 1466-1861 (online)
dc.identifier.other 10.1155/2017/6825493
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/63235
dc.language.iso en en_ZA
dc.publisher Hindawi Publishing en_ZA
dc.rights © 2017 T. Sokoya et al. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License. en_ZA
dc.subject Systemic immune activation en_ZA
dc.subject Antiretroviral treatment (ART) en_ZA
dc.subject HIV treatment guidelines en_ZA
dc.subject Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) en_ZA
dc.subject T-cell activation en_ZA
dc.subject Active antiretroviral therapy en_ZA
dc.subject Microbial translocation en_ZA
dc.subject Infected patients en_ZA
dc.subject Natural SIV hosts en_ZA
dc.subject Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) en_ZA
dc.subject Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) en_ZA
dc.subject Toll-like receptors en_ZA
dc.subject Tubular epithelial cells en_ZA
dc.subject Randomized controlled trial en_ZA
dc.title HIV as a cause of immune activation and immunosenescence en_ZA
dc.type Article en_ZA


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