dc.contributor.author |
Groome, Michelle J.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Koen, Anthonet
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Fix, Alan
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Page, Nicola Anne
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Jose, Lisa
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Madhi, Shabir A.
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|
dc.contributor.author |
McNeal, Monica
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Dally, Len
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Cho, Iksung
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Power, Maureen
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Flores, Jorge
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|
dc.contributor.author |
Cryz, Stanley
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|
dc.date.accessioned |
2017-09-11T11:34:29Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2017-09-11T11:34:29Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2017-08 |
|
dc.description.abstract |
BACKGROUND Efficacy of live oral rotavirus vaccines is reduced in low-income compared with high-income settings.
Parenteral non-replicating rotavirus vaccines might offer benefits over oral vaccines. We assessed the safety and
immunogenicity of the P2-VP8-P[8] subunit rotavirus vaccine at different doses in South African toddlers and infants.
Methods This double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, dose-escalation trial was done at a single research unit
based at a hospital in South Africa in healthy HIV-uninfected toddlers (aged 2 to <3 years) and term infants (aged
6 to <8 weeks, without previous rotavirus vaccination). Block randomisation (computer-generated, electronic allocation)
was used to assign eligible toddlers (in a 6:1 ratio) and infants (in a 3:1 ratio) in each dose cohort (10 μg, followed by
30 μg, then 60 μg if doses tolerated) to parenteral P2-VP8-P[8] subunit rotavirus or placebo injection. The two highest
tolerated doses were then assessed in an expanded cohort (in a 1:1:1 ratio). Parents of participants and clinical, data, and
laboratory staff were masked to treatment assignment. P2-VP8-P[8] vaccine versus placebo was assessed first in toddlers
(single injection) and then in infants (three injections 4 weeks apart). The primary safety endpoints were local and
systemic reactions within 7 days after each injection, adverse events within 28 days after each injection, and all serious
adverse events, assessed in toddlers and infants who received at least one dose. In infants receiving all study injections,
primary immunogenicity endpoints were anti-P2-VP8-P[8] IgA and IgG and neutralising antibody seroresponses and
geometric mean titres 4 weeks after the third injection. This trial is registered at ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02109484.
FINDINGS Between March 17, 2014, and Sept 29, 2014, 42 toddlers (36 to vaccine and six to placebo) and 48 infants
(36 to vaccine and 12 to placebo) were enrolled in the dose-escalation phase, in which the 30 μg and 60 μg doses where
found to be the highest tolerated doses. A further 114 infants were enrolled in the expanded cohort between
Nov 3, 2014, and March 20, 2015, and all 162 infants (12 assigned to 10 μg, 50 to 30 μg, 50 to 60 μg, and 50 to placebo)
were included in the safety analysis. Serum IgA seroresponses were observed in 38 (81%, 95% CI 67–91) of 47 infants
in the 30 μg group and 32 (68%, 53–81) of 47 in the 60 μg group, compared with nine (20%, 10–35) of 45 in the
placebo group; adjusted IgG seroresponses were seen in 46 (98%, 89–100) of 47 infants in the 30 μg group and
47 (100%; 92–100) of 47 in the 60 μg group, compared with four (9%, 2·5–21) of 45 in the placebo group; and adjusted
neutralising antibody seroresponses against the homologous Wa-strain were seen in 40 (85%, 72–94) of 47 infants in
both the 30 μg and 60 μg groups, compared with three (7%, 1·4–18) of 45 participants in the placebo group. Solicited reactions following any injection occurred with similar frequency and severity in participants receiving vaccine and
those receiving placebo. Unsolicited adverse events were mostly mild and occurred at a similar frequency between
groups. Eight serious adverse events (one with placebo, two with 30 μg, and five with 60 μg) occurred in seven infants
within 28 days of any study injection, none of which were deemed related to study treatment.
INTERPRETATION The parenteral P2-VP8-P[8] vaccine was well tolerated and immunogenic in infants, providing a novel
approach to vaccination against rotavirus disease. On the basis of these results, a phase 1/2 trial of a trivalent P2-VP8
(P[4], P[6], and P[8]) subunit vaccine is underway at three sites in South Africa. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Medical Virology |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2017 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
MJG reports funding from PATH Vaccine Solutions and personal fees
from GlaxoSmithKline. AK and LJ report funding from PATH Vaccine
Solutions. NP reports honoraria from GlaxoSmithKline, Merck, and Aspen
Pharma. SAM reports grants from PATH, grants from Novartis and
GlaxoSmithKline, and grants and personal fees from Pfizer and the Bill &
Melinda Gates Foundation. MM reports laboratory service agreements
with PATH, Merck, and GlaxoSmithKline. IC reports funding from PATH
and is a paid consultant for PATH. MP is an employee of PATH, and
reports grants from the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation. AF, JF, LD, and
SC declare no competing interests. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.thelancet.com/infection |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Groome, M.J., Koen, A., Fix, A., Page, N., Jose, L., Madhi, S.A., McNeal, M., Dally, L., Cho, I., Power, M., Flores, J. & Cryz, S. 2017, 'Safety and immunogenicity of a parenteral P2-VP8-P[8] subunit rotavirus vaccine in toddlers and infants in South Africa : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial', Lancet Infectious Diseases, vol. 17, no. 8, pp. 843-853. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1473-3099 (print) |
|
dc.identifier.issn |
1474-4457 (online) |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.1016/S1473-3099(17)30242-6 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/62225 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
Elsevier |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Ltd. This is an Open Access article under the CC BY 4.0 license. |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
HIV-uninfected toddlers |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Hospital |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Vaccine |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
South Africa (SA) |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Developing countries |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Disease |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Strains |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Children |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Efficacy |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Protective immunity |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Safety and immunogenicity of a parenteral P2-VP8-P[8] subunit rotavirus vaccine in toddlers and infants in South Africa : a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |