Honderd jaar Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls – ’n oorsig en waardering. Deel 1 : Die woordelys

Abstract

In 2017 the Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls (AWS) celebrates its centenary year. Our contribution commemorates this milestone with a (re)evaluation of this standard and wellknown reference work – in particular of the wordlist sections of the AWS. This article – the first of two – offers a historical overview of the function, nature and scope of the wordlist as revealed in the ten different editions of the AWS. For the overview we used the different editions (from 1917 to 2009) of the AWS as primary source texts. An evaluation of the Afrikaans spelling rules falls outside the scope of the artichave an impact on which lemmas are included in the wordlist (one of the main functions of the wordlist being to help people with their spelling problems), we looked briefly at the way in which they have been defined since 1917. The fundamental principles of the Afrikaans spelling system have essentially not changed, although they have periodically been reformulated. From 1917 to 1964 commonly used pronunciation and tradition (by which is also meant the ways in which the Afrikaans spelling system still reflects its history and relationship with Dutch spelling) remained two key criteria for the inclusion of words in the wordlist. In addition, the visible illustration and application of the spelling rules are important reasons for the inclusion (or elimination) of certain words. In the 2009 edition the main criterion for inclusion seems to be that the list must reflect contemporary written standard Afrikaans. No mention is made any longer of the commonly used pronunciation as guiding principle. With respect to its nature, the question was raised whether the wordlist can be regarded as a special kind of dictionary – one with a limited lemma list and minimal microstructural information. Within the context of how best to describe this source, problematic or unclear aspects that were investigated were the basis for lemma selection – in other words, how exactly did the various language commissions determine what can or should be regarded as standard Afrikaans? This is arguably the most important criterion for inclusion. Other issues that remained throughout the past 100 years were the treatment of two different spelling forms (so-called variant forms or “wisselvorme”) like “more” and “môre” (“morning”) and words of foreign origin (“krusifiks”, “guillotine”, “zero”/”sero”). In the treatment of these problematic cases the interaction between the three fundamental principles that inform the spelling rules are clearly illustrated. The main purpose – to help with spelling problems and to set certain norms and standards – and the size and complexity of the wordlist were explored. That the wordlist occupies a very important place in every AWS is not disputed, and we conclude that the wordlist is a very valuable reference work. Nevertheless, users’ expectations when consulting the wordlist as an information source have to be realistic: – The wordlist serves as an illustration and application of the spelling rules and as such is very valuable as a guideline for all users. – The list is of course, due to various reasons, not comprehensive and it does not contain nearly as many standard Afrikaans words as do standard monolingual and bilingual dictionaries. – It does not give guidance on the spelling of non-standard Afrikaans words. It is not clear whether all users are aware of this. – By its very nature it is prescriptive and it provides a clear norm for language users. – The 2009 wordlist is much more user-friendly than its predecessors, but the hard copies are in essence static documents that have not been updated frequently enough to satisfy all the information needs of its users. Users are therefore often forced to look for other sources of information on spelling issues. With these characteristics in mind, we evaluate the electronic version of the wordlist in Part 2. This is done against the background of the current rapid development of theoretical lexicography and the increasing need of users to find the information that they need as quickly as possible. In Part 2 the focus is very clearly on the user and his or her needs.

In 2017 sal die Afrikaanse Woordelys en Spelreëls (hierna afgekort as AWS) ’n volle eeu oud wees, en hierdie bydrae gedenk die mylpaal met ’n (her)waardering van veral die woordelysdeel van die AWS. Aanvanklik word ʼn historiese oorsig gegee oor die ontstaan en ontwikkeling van die woordelys met ’n fokus op sy funksie, aard en omvang. ’n Evaluasie van die spelreëls het buite die bestek van die artikel geval, maar daar word wel kortliks stilgestaan by die grondbeginsels van die Afrikaanse spelling. Aspekte wat ondersoek is, was lemmakeuse, wat op sy beurt weer beïnvloed is deur beginsels van die Afrikaanse spelreëls soos ’n algemeen gebruiklike uitspraak, die bepaling van wat as “Standaardafrikaans” beskou kan of moet word en ander kwessies. Die doel en aard van die woordelys – kan dit byvoorbeeld as ’n spesiale soort woordeboek beskou word? – lemmaseleksie en mikrostrukturele bewerking, wisselvorme en die hantering van vreemde woorde, die normerende rol van die AWS en die omvang en volledigheid van die woordelys, kry aandag in hierdie eerste van twee artikels. Die gevolgtrekking waartoe gekom word, is dat die woordelys baie waardevol is as naslaanbron, maar wel tot ’n mate as belangrike gebruikersbron gekortwiek word deur sy aard: staties, onvolledig en voorskriftelik. Met die gebruiker in gedagte val die klem in Deel 2 dan op die nuwe moontlikhede wat ’n elektroniese woordelys sou kon bied.