Repair welding of carbon steel that has been partially graphitized during service

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dc.contributor.author Kruger, K.J.
dc.contributor.author Pistorius, Pieter Georg Hendrik
dc.contributor.author Orsmond C.P.M.
dc.date.accessioned 2017-06-28T13:32:15Z
dc.date.issued 2017-06 en
dc.description.abstract Plain carbon steels that are in service at elevated temperatures (typically 400-450 °C) for prolonged periods of time (typically in excess of 20 years) may experience graphitization, often in the heat affected zone (HAZ). This study aimed to determine the effects of HAZ graphite on the mechanical properties of plain carbon steels as well as to characterize the graphite that was observed. Additionally, it was required to evaluate whether repair welding of graphitized material was viable. A combination of gas-tungsten arc welding and shielded metal arc welding was used, in association with various joint configurations. A number of extended heat treatments were performed. Transverse tensile samples did not always fracture through the HAZ graphite. Failure in the graphitized HAZ resulted in a decrease in reduction in area; no other tensile properties were affected by the presence of HAZ graphite. A prediction of the location of the HAZ graphite was developed using the Rosenthal equation. It was demonstrated that it is possible to perform repair welding on graphitized material using conventional welding procedures. en_ZA
dc.description.department Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering en
dc.description.embargo 2018-06-30
dc.description.uri https://link.springer.com/journal/40194 en
dc.identifier.citation Kruger, K., Pistorius, P. & Orsmond, C. Repair welding of carbon steel that has been partially graphitized during service. Welding in the World (2017) 61: 703-710. doi:10.1007/s40194-017-0456-7. en
dc.identifier.issn 0043-2288 (online) en
dc.identifier.other 10.1007/s40194-017-0456-7 en
dc.identifier.uri http://hdl.handle.net/2263/61166
dc.language.iso English en
dc.publisher Springer en
dc.rights © International Institute of Welding 2017. The original publication is available at : https://link.springer.com/journal/40194. en
dc.subject Carbon steels en
dc.subject Graphite en
dc.subject Repair en
dc.subject Thermal cycling en
dc.subject Heat affected zone (HAZ) en
dc.title Repair welding of carbon steel that has been partially graphitized during service en_ZA
dc.type Postprint Article en


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