Abstract:
Irish potato production in Zimbabwe can be traced back to the early 1900s. Large-scale commercial farmers
dominated production till the early 2000s. Potato is the most important horticultural crop and has been declared a
strategic national food security crop in 2012. In 2000, the Fast Track Land Reform Programme completely
restructured commercial agriculture and potato farming. A product of the agrarian reforms, the A2- and A1-
resettlement growers, started growing potato. The A1 resettlement model has individually owned cropping land
and shared grazing, while A2 resettlement comprises of self-contained farm units. A survey was conducted to
characterise potato growers, mainly to understand the current potato production systems and assess the impact of
the landmark reform programme on potato farming. Four production systems, Large-scale commercial,
Communal area, A2 resettlement and A1 resettlement, were identified, and two main growing agro-ecological
zones, the Highveld and Eastern Nyanga Highlands. In 1961–2013, significant positive trends for annual planted
area, average yield and total production were observed. In terms of yield, Zimbabwe is fourth in southern Africa
with average yield of 17 t ha-1 in the 2009–2013 period. Large-scale commercial and A2 resettlement systems
were well-mechanized and growers owned large land holdings ranging from an average of 165–1,600 ha and 31–
390 ha across the different areas respectively, with average potato areas of 11 and 8 ha, respectively. A1
resettlement and Communal area growers owned an average of 4 and 3 ha cropping area, respectively, with
average potato areas of 0.4 and 1.1 ha, respectively. Input use was significantly different among the production
systems. High synthetic fertiliser and biocides use was observed.
