dc.contributor.author |
Mangwanda, Ronishree
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Zwart, Lizahn
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Van der Merwe, Nicolaas Albertus (Albie)
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Moleleki, Lucy N.
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Berger, David Kenneth
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Myburg, Alexander Andrew
|
|
dc.contributor.author |
Naidoo, Sanushka
|
|
dc.date.accessioned |
2017-02-07T12:24:06Z |
|
dc.date.available |
2017-02-07T12:24:06Z |
|
dc.date.issued |
2016-12-08 |
|
dc.description |
FIGURE S1
Statistically enriched GO terms identified in the differentially expressed gene lists within the cellular component category. Positive values indicate over-represented terms and negative values indicate under-represented terms. White: minimal medium; Dark gray: ZG14; Light gray: TAG5. The y-axis represents the –log2(p-value) obtained with the Fisher’s exact test in Blast2GO. The x-axis represents the GO terms. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.abstract |
Chrysoporthe austroafricana is a fungal pathogen that causes the development of stem cankers on susceptible Eucalyptus grandis trees. Clones of E. grandis that are partially resistant and highly susceptible have been identified based on the extent of lesion formation on the stem upon inoculation with C. austroafricana. These interactions have been used as a model pathosystem to enhance our understanding of interactions between pathogenic fungi and woody hosts, which may be different to herbaceous hosts. In previous research, transcriptomics of host responses in these two clones to C. austroafricana suggested roles for salicylic acid and gibberellic acid phytohormone signaling in defense. However, it is unclear how the pathogen infiltrates host tissue and which pathogenicity factors facilitate its spread in the two host genotypes. The aim of this study was to investigate these two aspects of the E. grandis–C. austroafricana interaction and to test the hypothesis that the pathogen possesses mechanisms to modulate the tree phytohormone-mediated defenses. Light microscopy showed that the pathogen occurred in most cell types and structures within infected E. grandis stem tissue. Notably, the fungus appeared to spread through the stem by penetrating cell wall pits. In order to understand the molecular interaction between these organisms and predict putative pathogenicity mechanisms of C. austroafricana, fungal gene expression was studied in vitro and in planta. Fungal genes associated with cell wall degradation, carbohydrate metabolism and phytohormone manipulation were expressed in planta by C. austroafricana. These genes could be involved in fungal spread by facilitating cell wall pit degradation and manipulating phytohormone mediated defense in each host environment, respectively. Specifically, the in planta expression of an ent-kaurene oxidase and salicylate hydroxylase in C. austroafricana suggests putative mechanisms by which the pathogen can modulate the phytohormone-mediated defenses of the host. These mechanisms have been reported in herbaceous plant–pathogen interactions, supporting the notion that these aspects of the interaction are similar in a woody species. This study highlights ent-kaurene oxidase and salicylate hydroxylase as candidates for further functional characterization. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Forestry and Agricultural Biotechnology Institute (FABI) |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Genetics |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Microbiology and Plant Pathology |
en_ZA |
dc.description.department |
Plant Production and Soil Science |
en_ZA |
dc.description.librarian |
am2017 |
en_ZA |
dc.description.sponsorship |
The
Genomics Research Institute (GRI) at the University of Pretoria;
the National Research Foundation’s (NRF) Bioinformatics and
Functional Genomics Programme (NBFG) (NRF Thuthuka
grant ID87912); the Forest Molecular Genetics Programme by
Mondi and Sappi, and the Technology and Human Resources
for Industry Programme (THRIP grant numberID86936),
the Department of Science and Technology, The Eucalyptus
Genomics Platform: tree genomics and biotechnology for wood
fiber, bioenergy and biomaterials. |
en_ZA |
dc.description.uri |
http://www.frontiersin.org/Microbiology |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.citation |
Mangwanda R, Zwart L,
van der Merwe NA, Moleleki LN,
Berger DK, Myburg AA and
Naidoo S (2016) Localization
and Transcriptional Responses
of Chrysoporthe austroafricana
in Eucalyptus grandis Identify Putative
Pathogenicity Factors.
Front. Microbiol. 7:1953.
DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2016.01953. |
en_ZA |
dc.identifier.issn |
1664-302X |
|
dc.identifier.other |
10.3389/fmicb.2016.01953 |
|
dc.identifier.uri |
http://hdl.handle.net/2263/58902 |
|
dc.language.iso |
en |
en_ZA |
dc.publisher |
Frontiers Research Foundation |
en_ZA |
dc.rights |
© 2016 Authors. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Fungal pathogenicity |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Rual RNA-sequencing |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Cell wall degrading enzymes |
en_ZA |
dc.subject |
Hormone signaling |
en_ZA |
dc.title |
Localization and transcriptional responses of Chrysoporthe austroafricana in Eucalyptus grandis identify putative pathogenicity factors |
en_ZA |
dc.type |
Article |
en_ZA |