Abstract:
BACKGROUND : Tuberculosis caused by Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) is very uncommon in horses worldwide.
CASE PRESENTATION : In the current study, an eight-year-old male Thoroughbred in good body condition was admitted
to the Equine Clinic at the Onderstepoort Veterinary Academic Hospital in 2005 due to bilateral epistaxis accompanied
by coughing. Routine examinations were conducted to determine the cause of the condition. Endoscopic examination
revealed the major source of the epistaxis as the trachea, whereas thoracic radiography indicated the presence of a
primary pulmonary mass. M. bovis was isolated from a broncho-alveolar lavage (BAL) sample collected. The pulmonary
mass reduced in size three months later following an oral administration of enrofloxacin (7.5 mg/kg PO SID). Genetic
fingerprinting by spoligotyping identified the M. bovis isolate as spoligotype SB0868 strain. This M. bovis strain type was
never described previously in South Africa (SA). This is the first case of M. bovis infection in a horse in SA which has
been fully documented including clinical findings, isolation and genetic characterisation of the causative pathogen.
CONCLUSIONS : This report indicates that horses may contract and harbour M. bovis despite their lower susceptibility
compared to other domestic animals. It also suggests that the infection may be more easily contained and eliminated
from the host.
