Abstract:
Dirofilaria immitis is one of the most frequently detected mosquito-transmitted zoonotic
filarioid nematode in mammals in Europe, being canine dirofilariosis a major animal health
problem, endemic in the Mediterranean area. This study, focused on Southwest Spain, in
order to bring new insights into (i) the epidemiology of Dirofilaria spp., (ii) the species of
Culicid vectors possibly involved in their transmission and (iii) the genetic variability of
those potential vectors. A total of 881 adult female mosquitoes from 11 different species,
were captured during 2012–2013, and detection of filarioid DNA was attempted by PCR
using specific primers (ITS-2 and COI), followed by DNA sequencing. In a single Culex
pipiens specimen D. immitis DNA was detected both in the head-thorax and abdomen
sections. Filarioid nematode DNA was also detected in eight additional Cx. pipiens
specimens also in both the thorax and the abdomen, but analysis of sequence data did not
allow unambiguous assignment of any of the obtained sequences to a previously defined
species. All Cx. pipiens with filarioid DNA were individually analysed by CQ11 to
discriminate between pipiens, molestus, and hybrid forms. Besides, rDNA ITS-2 sequence
analysis revealed the presence of haplotype H1 and H2 of Cx. pipiens. To our knowledge this study revealed, for the first time in Spain, the occurrence of likely mature infection of D.immitis in Cx. pipiens, as well as with other yet uncharacterized nematodes, supporting its role as a potential vector of these filarids.
