Abstract:
The family Stachybotriaceae was recently introduced to include the genera Myrothecium, Peethambara
and Stachybotrys. Members of this family include important plant and human pathogens, as well as several species
used in industrial and commercial applications as biodegraders and biocontrol agents. However, the generic
boundaries in Stachybotriaceae are still poorly defined, as type material and sequence data are not readily available
for taxonomic studies. To address this issue, we performed multi-locus phylogenetic analyses using partial
gene sequences of the 28S large subunit (LSU), the internal transcribed spacer regions and intervening 5.8S
nrRNA (ITS), the RNA polymerase II second largest subunit (rpb2), calmodulin (cmdA), translation elongation
factor 1-alpha (tef1) and β-tubulin (tub2) for all available type and authentic strains. Supported by morphological
characters these data resolved 33 genera in the Stachybotriaceae. These included the nine already established
genera Albosynnema, Alfaria, Didymostilbe, Myrothecium, Parasarcopodium, Peethambara, Septomyrothecium,
Stachybotrys and Xepicula. At the same time the generic names Melanopsamma, Memnoniella and Virgatospora
were resurrected. Phylogenetic inference further showed that both the genera Myrothecium and Stachybotrys are
polyphyletic resulting in the introduction of 13 new genera with myrothecium-like morphology and eight new genera
with stachybotrys-like morphology.